This paper discusses the application of kemel extraction for estimating the non-parametric density function of a multivariate process system for condition monitoring purposes. In particular, this paper concentrates on a real industrial case study to demonstrate the differences and practical capability of three different estimators. It is shown that the kemel density estimate has the potential to be an important technique of obtaining real nonparametric empirical density function of the process population as an aid to more effective intelligent condition monitoring.
This study evaluated the performance of biofilm reactors inoculated with
azo dye degrading Shewanella for the decolorization of Reactive
Black 5 (RB5), using three different carrier materials, namely almond
shell biochar, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and polypropylene
carrier (PPC). The reactors were fed with low-nutrient artificial
wastewater containing RB5 for a long term, and all three carriers showed
good RB5 decolorization performance, with varying efficiencies. LC-MS
analysis revealed significant differences in the degradation pathways of
RB5 among the carriers, indicating the role of carrier materials and
microbial communities. The MBBR carrier exhibited good stability due to
its rough surface and microbial aggregates. Sequencing results revealed
significant differences in the microbial community structure among the
carriers. Shewanella was the dominant functional bacteria in the
MBBR and PPC carriers, while highly efficient degrading microbial
communities were observed on the biochar carrier. Overall, the
physicochemical properties of the carrier materials had a significant
impact on the microbial community in the reactor, which affected the
degradation efficiency of RB5. These findings provide valuable insights
into the optimization of biofilm reactors for dye-containing wastewater
treatment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.