Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections is kind of helminth infection which transmitted by contact with warm and moist soil especially affect the farmer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of STH infection and the intensity of STH infection among farmers in Gelgel Village, Klungkung, Bali. The cross sectional study was conducted in Gelgel Village, Klungkung District, Bali and obtained stool and quitionaires from farmers by informed consent. Kato-Katz technique was used to diagnose the STH infection and to determine the intensity of infection based on the number of eggs per gram feces (EPG). Total 162 stool samples were collected from farmers aged 25-80 years, 22 farmers was positive of STH infection and 140 farmers was negative of STH infection. The result showed prevalence of STH infection was 13,5%, single infection of A. lumbricoides was 1.85%, 9.26% of T. trichiura single infection, and 0.61% of Hookworm single infection. The mixed infection was detected that were 1.23% of  A. lumbricoides with T. trichiura, and 0.61% of A. lumbricoides  with Hookworm. STH infection is the health problem among farmer. The farmer must be admitted antihelminthic drugs for preventing and eleminating STH infection.

Family medicinal plants have various benefits besides being easy to obtain as well as reducing the economic burden on the family in buying conventional medicines. The army wife union (Persit) is a group of women whose members are the wives of active soldiers. The dormitory where the soldiers lived there were a lot of medicinal plants that had not been fully utilized to treat various diseases. The purpose of this service activity is to empower Persit members to properly and properly utilize and cultivate toga. The results of this service, most of Persit members already know the types of family medicinal plants, but there are some people who do not know how to use and process them. The medicinal plants that are often used are cucumber, betel leaf, ginger, guava, cinnamon, turmeric, sembung, and aloe vera.

The phenomena of increasing total IgE level in Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and its protective role in resistance of infection remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between total IgE and the intensity of Soil transmitted helminthiasis among farmers in these area. Total 162 farmer, age ranged 25-80 years participated in this cross sectional analytic study. Kato-Katz method was used to diagnose Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and to determined infection intensity based on egg per gram (EPG). Total IgE levels were measured by enzyme linked flourescent assay (ELFA). The results of this study showed that 13,56% farmer positive  for Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis, with single infection of Ascaris lumbricoides were 1,85%, 9,26% for Trichuris trichiura, 0,61% for Hookworm and mixed infection that were 1,23% for A.lumbricoides+T.trichiura 0,61%  for A.lumbricoides+Hookworm. The intensity of infection were in mild category. Total IgE level in Soil transmitted Helminthiasis group was significantly different compared with noninfected group (p<0.05, t-test). There was significant correlation between EPG and total IgE level (r=0.667, p=0.001, Spearman test). As a conclusion total IgE level was significantly correlated with EPG, this fact can be used to develop management of Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis theraphy.

Background and Aim: Some individuals in Indonesia consume intact goat gallbladder to prevent and treat malaria. The acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile (GB) have shown mild diarrhea in mice. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of GB on parasitemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and blood biochemistry to assess liver and kidney function in BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA and divided into five groups. Mice in three groups were administered 0.5 mL of 25%, 50%, or 100% of GB by gavage. Animals in Group 4 were administered 187.2 mg/kg BW of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate as a positive control (POS Group). Mice in fifth group were administered sterile water as negative (NEG) controls. Further, 30 uninfected mice were divided into groups 6-8 and administered GB as were mice in the first three groups. Group 9 included 10 uninfected and untreated animals as healthy controls. Treatments were administered in a 4-day suppressive test followed by daily observation of Giemsa-stained blood smears. On day 7, mice were sacrificed to measure the length and weight of spleens and livers, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Results: GB suppressed parasitemia but did not affect the size and weight of spleens or livers or plasma levels of AST and ALT compared to uninfected GB-treated and healthy control animals. Conversely, plasma levels of BUN and creatinine were suppressed and remained in the normal range in all groups of mice. Conclusion: GB suppresses parasitemia with no significant impact on hepatic enzymes in GB-treated infected mice. Liver dysfunction in GB-treated infected mice was due to P. berghei rather than GB treatment.

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Background: Among the cause of the treatment failure in epilepsy, low adherence to prescribed medication is the principal cause of unsuccessful drug treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the level of adherence and the relations with quality of life among epilepsy patients in Denpasar. Method: Our research based on cross sectional design and conducted in neurology department of tertiary referral hospital in Denpasar. We used Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) to measure level of adherence and World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire to assess quality of life (QOL) score. Results: On this research, we found 83 epilepsy patients who fulfilled eligibility criteria, there are 43 patients categorized as non-adherent and 39 patients belong to adherent. Based on the cross tabulation between characteristic of participants and adherence, we found that age and duration of therapy influence the adherence level of epilepsy patient (p value < 0.05). Epilepsy patients who adherent to the treatment have higher score of QOL than epilepsy patients who not adherent, especially on physical domain of QOL, the difference was statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Improving adherence is so important to improve the quality of life of epilepsy patients.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive, motoric, and language development in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected child is an important issue that affects developmental milestone and quality of life. The effect of HIV infection on cognitive function must be detected early to prevent delayed cognitive, motoric, and language function. AIM: This study aimed to assess the correlation of cognitive scores with CD4 count among HIV-infected children in pediatrics polyclinic Sanglah Hospital, Bali. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 68 HIV-infected children age 0–36 months old as participants. Cognitive score was assessed using Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS) scores and HIV status, and CD4 count was obtained from the medical record. RESULTS: The result showed that mean of CD4 count among subject was 29.85 cells/mm3, there was positive correlation between CAT scores with CD4 count (r = 0.33, p = 0.006) and also between CLAMS scores with CD4 count (r = 0.307, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that CD4 count correlated with Capute scores on HIV-infected children.