Obtaining a booster dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is required to maintain the protective level of neutralizing antibodies and therefore herd immunity in the community, and the success of booster dose programs depends on public acceptance. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptance of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine and its drivers and barriers in Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the provinces of Indonesia between 1 and 15 August 2022. Individuals who completed the primary series of the COVID-19 vaccine were asked about their acceptance of a booster dose. Those who refused the booster dose were questioned about their reasons. A logistic regression was used to determine the determinants associated with rejection of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 2935 respondents were included in the final analysis. With no information on the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine, 95% of respondents agreed to receive a booster dose if it were provided for free by the government. This acceptance was reduced to only 50.3% if the vaccine had a 75% efficacy with a 20% chance of side effects. The adjusted logistic regression analysis indicated that there were eight factors associated with the rejection of the booster dose: age, marital status, religion, occupation, type of the first two vaccines received, knowledge regarding the importance of the booster dose, belief that natural immunity is sufficient to prevent COVID-19 and disbelief in the effectiveness of the booster dose. In conclusion, the hesitancy toward booster doses in Indonesia is influenced by some intrinsic factors such as lack of knowledge on the benefits of the booster dose, worries regarding the unexpected side effects and concerns about the halal status of the provided vaccines and extrinsic determinants such as the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. These findings suggest the need for more campaigns and promotions regarding the booster dose benefits to increase its acceptance.

Bekicot (Achatina fullica) adalah moluska yang hidup hampir di seluruh belahan dunia. Masyarakat pedesaan sering memanfaatkan lendir bekicot sebagai obat luka. Lendir bekicot memiliki senyawa yang diduga berkhasiat sebagai penyembuh luka dan antimikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan lendir bekicot terhadap penyembuhan luka sayat pada mencit (Mus musculus) galur wistar dibandingkan dengan povidon iodine 10%. Desain penelitian eksperimental dengan subjek penelitian 30 ekor mencit (Mus musculus) galur wistar yang diberi luka sayat paha kanan. Subjek dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu, K(-) aquades, K(+) povidone iodine 10%, K1 (100%), K2 (75%), K3 (50%). Data diambil adalah waktu penyembuhan luka sayat dan pengamatan makroskopis kriteria Nagaoka. Rata-rata waktu yang dibutuhkan penutupan luka K(-) 9,83 hari, K(+) 6,83 hari, K1 6,5 hari, K2 6 hari dan K 3 6,16 hari. Uji ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (p=0,05) menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok intervensi pada berbagai konsentrasi dengan kelompok povidon iodine 10% dan aquades (p<0,05), Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc menunjukan bahwa berbagai kandungan lendir bekicot mempunyai efek yang sama dengan povidon iodine 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan lendir bekicot pada berbagai konsentrasi efektif mempercepat penyembuhan luka sayat dibandingkan aquadest (p<0,05) tetapi tidak berbeda signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan povidone iodine 10%. Kesimpulan, lendir bekicot mampu mempercepat penyembuhan luka sayat pada mencit.

Willingness to pay (WTP) for booster doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is an under studied research topic. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the WTP for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors in Indonesia using an online survey distributed all over the provinces of this low-middle-income country. The WTP was evaluated using a basic dichotomous contingent valuation approach, and its associated determinants were evaluated using a linear regression model. Out of 2935 responders, 66.2% (1942/2935) were willing to pay for a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of respondents (63.5%) were willing to pay within a price range of 100,000–500,000 Indonesian rupiah (IDR), i.e., USD 6.71–33.57. Being older than 40 years, having a higher educational level, having a higher income, knowing and understanding that booster doses were important, and having a vaccine status that is certified halal (permissible in Islamic law), were all associated with a higher WTP for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The study findings imply that the WTP for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia is lower compared to acceptance of vaccines provided free of charge. This WTP data can be utilized to develop a pricing scheme for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccination in the country with potential benefits in other low-income countries. The government may be required to provide subsidies for the herd immunity vaccination process to proceed as anticipated. Furthermore, the public community must be educated on the importance of vaccination as well as the fact that the COVID-19 epidemic is far from being over.

The pandemic of COVID-19 gave a great impact on college students learning activity, especially medical students. Thus, they may become vulnerable to have psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and stress. The study aimed to investigate anxiety, depression, and stress rates among medical students during the pandemic of COVID-19 and the affecting factors. This cross-sectional study used DASS questionnaire online survey. 312 medical students, a total sampling in Muhammadiyah Palembang University participated in this study. The univariate analysis was used to determine the level of psychological problems while the bivariate analysis was carried out to determine the affecting factors. The study findings showed that 50.6% of the students reportedly had anxiety (12.2 % mild, 17.3% moderate, 10.9% severe, 10.3% very severe), 33% of the students had depression (13.5% mild, 11.9% moderate, 3.8% severe, 3.8% very severe), and 22.4% of the students had stress (10.6% mild, 9.3% moderate, 5.1% severe, 1.3% very severe). There were no differences between gender for anxiety, depression and stress (p=0.335, p=0.261, p=0.134 respectively). Junior students were more anxious than senior students (p=0.015). More than half of medical students experienced anxiety with moderate anxiety mostly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and junior students were more likely to suffer anxiety.

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