Risk factors for SGA less than 5th centile were sleep deprivation and shift work and exposure to physical and chemical hazards during 2nd and 3rd trimesters, less walking hours and alcohol consumption during 3rd trimester. Poor weekly gestational weight gain may be considered as a predictor of delivering an SGA infant.

Although anaemia during pregnancy was not adversely associated with any of the pregnancy outcomes, Hb level of >13.9 g/dL was adversely associated with maternal morbidities and LBW.

Risk factors for inadequate gestational weight gain were low income, being multiparous, sleep deprivation, physical activity in terms of standing and walking, and the male sex of baby.

Standing equal to or less than 2.5 h/day during the early trimesters was a risk factor for PTB among uncomplicated pregnancies. Further studies are recommended to assess the trimester-specific effect of psychosocial stress on PTB.

The AUDIT could be used to screen for LRD, HZD, and AUD among Sinhalese married men in Sri Lanka.