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Natural products have widely been used in applications ranging from antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and various other medicinal applications. Use of these natural products was recognized way before the establishment of basic chemistry behind the disease and the chemistry of plant metabolites. After the establishment of plant chemistry various new horizons evolved, and application of the natural products breached the orthodox limitations. In one such interdisciplinary area, use of plant materials in the synthesis of nano particles (NPs) has exponentially emerged. This advancement has offered various environment friendly methods where hazardous chemicals are completely replaced by natural products in the sophisticated and hectic synthesis processes. This review is an attempt to understand the mechanism of metal nano particles synthesis using plant materials. It includes details on the role of plant’s secondary metabolites in the synthesis of nano particles including the mechanism of action. In addition, use of these nano materials has widely been discussed along with the possible mechanism behind their antimicrobial and catalytic action.
Recent advancements in graphene-based nanomaterials provide the opportunity that compliments the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) through simultaneous targeting of the anticancer drug to the cancer cell by reducing the side effects of other administration routes. Graphene with its extraordinary electronic properties like larger surface area, possibilities of surface modification, can efficiently target the tumor cell. At the same time, nanocarriers have the advantages of immune clearance adulteration of physicochemical properties of anticancer drug. The DDSs can be made by biodegradable nanocarriers such as proteins, peptides, biocompatible polymers, antibodies, polymer-drug conjugates, etc. Graphenesupported DDSs in cancer therapy also supports the co-delivery of therapeutic agents, antioxidants, SiRNA, shRNA, etc. as the co-delivery approach, which provide additive or synergistic therapeutic efficacy and can reduce toxic effects.
The analysis of the lockdown effect during covid-19 pandemic on ambient quality of air of Uttarakhand, state of India, has been performed. The combination of S O 2 , NO 2, and particulate matter (P.M.10) indicates ambient air quality characteristics. The clustering capability of the K-means clustering technique is investigated with two different approaches of measuring distance using MATLAB. The first approach is termed Euclidean distance and the second one is cosine distance. The data, which is clustered, is the air quality data containing three major components of air pollution such as P.M.10, S O 2, and NO 2 of different major cities of Uttarakhand.
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