Aim:To evaluate the presence of metal ions and deoxyribonucleic acid damage on the cells of buccal mucosa in subjects scheduled to undergo fixed orthodontic treatment.
Materials and methods:Eighty patients scheduled to undergo orthodontic treatment were included in the present study. Samples were collected from buccal mucosa of the subjects at five different intervals: before the starting of the fixed appliance therapy, 5 months after the insertion of the appliance, 10 months after insertion of the appliance, 15 months after insertion of the appliance and 20 months after insertion of the appliance. Flow cytometry was further used for assessment of apoptosis. Comet assay was used for evaluating the metal ions associated deoxyribonucleic acid ((DNA) damage of buccal epithelial cells. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used for measuring the nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) levels in the cells of the buccal mucosa. Analysis of data was done by SPSS software version 16.0.Results: A significant increase in the Ni, Cr and Zn concentration during orthodontic treatment was observed. A progressive non-significant decrease in the percentage of viable cells from a baseline value to the end of the treatment was observed. A significant increase in the head diameter, DNA in tail and tail length, starting from the pretreatment value to the end of orthodontic treatment, was also observed.
Conclusion:Timely checking of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and nuclear changes should be done for detecting earlier adverse changes.
Clinical significance:In patients wearing orthodontic appliances, no clinical impact occurs by wearing fixed appliances.
Introduction: To bring the best outcome from both the sides i.e. the orthodontist and the patient , it is of prime importance to understand certain psychological factors, and to treat every patient with an individualistic approach. The need was to study all such psychological factors and to find a method to deal with the same; to evaluate the psychological factors that influences the self appraisal and individual Quality of life. To compare psychological factor affecting the self appraisal and individual quality of life before treatment and after treatment, to study psychological factors of patients which influences the treatment outcome and to find a method to manage them.
Materials and Method: This In-vivo study, includes case study and survey. Two separate sets of questionnaires (before and after undergoing orthodontic treatment) were given to patients. The study also included psychological test scales like OHIP-14 and 12-CSES. The sample size of patient was 150.
Result: The study revealed that esthetics (95%) is the main concern for getting treatment especially for female (56%). There is improvement in OHIP and CSES (interval of 12.63, 14.66) score of patients before and after treatment. Patients’ satisfaction (94.7%) increases on having healthy orthodontist-patient relationship.
Conclusion: Esthetics is the main concern. Most patients wants improvement in smile. Lack of awareness and lack of financial supports is the main reason for delay in getting treatment. The main discomfort about the treatment reported by participants was pain after activation appointments, ulcers and change in food eating habit. The orthodontic therapy improves confidence, satisfaction, individuals’ appraisal and quality of life. There were no variations in response for patients’ satisfaction by gender, age, education or by treatment duration.
Introduction: Photography has been given a great importance in diagnosis in orthodontics, the study of certain aesthic parameter on digitilzed photographs can provide an additional diagnostic tool. This study is designed to compare facial parameters and various photographic parameters among patients with long, average, short faces in central Indian population. Also an alternative method to cephalometric analysis needs to be worked upon which is reliable, easily assessable and convenient for multiple usage by the orthodontist to direct his/her treatment.
Materials and Methods: 150 subjects (75 males and 75 females) selected and examined by two methods clinical examination and photographic examination by using ImageJ software.
Results: The results of this study shows there is significant correlation between vertical dimension, incisal display upper lip length, lower lip length and nasolabial angle and there is no significant difference between clinical examination and photographic examination done with Image J software.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the vertical proportions of facial soft tissue follow the underlying vertical skeletal pattern, high vertical dimension is associated with short upper lip, more incisal display and high clinical FMA. The low vertical dimension is associated with acute nasolabial angle and low clinical FMA. Photogrammetry was found to be a quick easy, cost effective and reliable diagnostic tool which can reduce radiation exposure and reduce the number of cephalograms during treatment
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