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In recent times, the rapid depletion of diesel fuel has resulted in its rising price and hazardous emission from the vehicles. Hence, an alternative fuel is immediately required for substituting diesel in order to improve the country's economic status and security. Therefore, this paper investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode fuelled with calophyllum inophyllum oil methyl ester blends and rice husk generated producer gas. The engine test analysis was carried out at varying load conditions (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 kW) keeping the producer gas flow rate constant i.e. at 21.69 kg/h. The experimental results depict that maximum diesel savings occurred for diesel with producer gas up to 82%, when correlated with the B20 biodiesel blend showing diesel savings of up to 80.6% at 8 kW of the optimum loading condition. Now, taking into account the emission parameter i.e. CO, CO2 and HC showed an increasing trend while, NOx and the smoke opacity reduced drastically for the dual operated mode. Hence, it might be concluded that the calophyllum inophyllum oil methyl ester with producer gas at a constant gas flow rate up to a 20% blend i.e. B20 can be utilised as potential fuel for current diesel engines without many engine modifications and problems.

Turning experiments were carried out on AA 7075/SiC composite workpiece in dry and spray cooling environments based on L16 Taguchi design of experiments. Multiple performance optimization of process parameters was performed using grey relational analysis. The performance characteristics considered were average surface roughness, cutting tool temperature and material removal rate. Uncoated carbide inserts were used for machining the workpiece in a high speed precision lathe. A grey relational grade obtained from grey relational analysis was used to optimize the process parameters. Optimal combination of process parameters was then determined by the Taguchi method using the grey relational grade as the performance index. Experimental results indicated that the turning in spray cooling environment was beneficial compared to that in dry environment for the quality response characteristics under consideration. Analysis of variance showed that feed was the most significant parameter for the multiple performance characteristics during turning in both the environments.

This work investigates the effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness (Ra, µm), cutting temperature (T, °C) at the chip–tool interface and the material removal rate during hard machining of AISI 1015 (43 ± 1 HRC) steel using carbide insert under dry and spray impingement cooling environment. A combined technique using orthogonal array and analysis of variance was employed to investigate the contribution of spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and air pressure on responses. It is observed that with spray impingement cooling, cutting performance improves compared to dry cutting. The predicted multi-response optimization setting (N3-f1-d1-P2) ensures minimization of surface roughness, cutting temperature and maximization of material removal rate.

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