Many types of eyelid tumors may easily be diagnosed from a clinical point of view. However only a small number of large studies exist exploring the frequency of eyelid lesions from different regions. According to the epidemiology of various eyelid lesions happened in Yogyakarta Special Region, this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of eyelid tumors in Yogyakarta Special Region. A total of 94 patients were enrolled in a descriptive study. The data were taken retrospectively from the medical record. All patients were diagnosed with eyelid tumors from January 2014 until December 2017 by histopathological examination. Among the subjects, 56 (59.6%) were male and 38 (40.4%) were female. There was no difference found in laterality (OD 46% vs OS 50%). Sebaceous carcinoma was found in 15 (16%) patients, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 13 (13.8%), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 11 (11.7%), epidermoid cyst 7 (7.4%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma 7 (7.4%), and others. We also found that 11 (11.7%) of patients showed an inflammation appearance only. The therapy was varied from extirpation and biopsy (39.4%), wide excision (27.7%), excision and biopsy (18.1%), exenteration (10.6%), and also anterior and lateral orbitotomy (2.1%) for each procedure. The eyelid tumor was found equally in the right and the left eye. Sebaceous carcinoma followed by SCC and BCC were the most common eyelid tumor found in this study. A further study is needed to determine the risk factor of each tumor.

AIM: To investigate the impact of lag time to metastasis and survival rates among patients with retinoblastoma. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted with 52 patients from the Department of Ophthalmology and the Department of Pediatrics of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2020. Lag time was defined as the time delay between the first sign of retinoblastoma to the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. The subjects with lag time > one year were included in the case group, while the subjects with lag time < one year were included in the control group. RESULTS: The lag time was significantly correlated with American Joint Committee on Cancer and Intraocular Classification of Retinoblastoma staging of retinoblastoma (P=0.005 and P=0.006, respectively). The lag time was also significantly correlated with both metastasis event [odds ratio (OR): 5.06, 95%Cl: 1.56-16.44, P=0.006] and mortality (OR: 4.54, 95%Cl: 1.37-15.07, P=0.011). The follow-up was continued for 32 subjects for 3y after initial diagnoses. Survival analysis revealed a significant difference among these two groups (P=0.021). Furthermore, lag time was significantly correlated with survival of retinoblastoma (r=-0.53, P=0.046). CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of lag time between the onset of first symptoms and the time of retinoblastoma diagnosis which significantly contribute to metastasis and mortality of patients with retinoblastoma. Examinations for the early detection of retinoblastoma should be performed for individuals at-risk to minimize lag time and improve the outcomes.

Pendahuluan : Trauma kimia okuli merupakan kasus emergensi dan membutuhkan penanganan segera. Trauma ini sering disebakan berbagai kausa seperti kecelakaan kerja hingga penganiayaan. Tujuan utama terapi adalah meminimalisir kerusakan permukaan bola mata serta mengembalikan anatomi dan fisiologi mata Presentasi kasus : Pria berusia 31 tahun dengan keluhan utama kedua mata tidak dapat melihat akibat disiram cairan dua hari sebelumnya. Pemeriksaan oftalmologis menunjukan VOD LP , VOS HM , palpebra ODS spasme dengan combustio grade III, konjungtiva ODS kemosis dengan limbal iskemia 360 derajat, simblefaron pada kantus lateral , kornea ODS keruh. Pasien mendapatkan perawatan selama 33 hari. Kesimpulan : Trauma kimia okuli derajat berat memiliki prognosis visual yang buruk terlepas dari tatalaksana yang sudah dilakukan karena rusaknya sel punca limbal dan kejadian ikutannya.

Purpose : The aim of this study is to report a case of intraorbital wooden foreign body with intracranial extension to the frontal lobe and its management. Method : This is a descriptive study: A 53 year-old male referred due to wooden stick stucked in the orbital cavity causing protruding eyeball and vital sign instability. Result : Right eye examination revealed light perception visual acuity, with bad light projection and bad color perception, inwardly folded upper eyelid, proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, corneal erosion and edema, dilated pupil with sluggish pupillary light reflex and limited ocular movement in all direction. Vital sign was unstable with decreasing blood pressure, increasing temperature and heart rate. CT Scan showed complete fracture of the orbital roof due to penetration of the wooden stick, pneumoencephalus, cerebral edema and hematoma. Emergency craniotomy was performed to remove the penetrating wooden stick and bone segment in the frontal lobe and fracture repair. Ophthalmologist pulled the remaining stick, released the superior rectus muscle and repaired the lacerated eyelid. Outcome visual acuity was no light perception with lagophthalmos and limited ocular motility. Patient was admitted to Intensive Care Unit one day post-operatively and treated with systemic and topical antibiotic. Conclusion : Any case presenting with intraorbital foreign body must undergo immediate neuroimaging to exclude any intracranial extension, especially in patients with worsening general condition.

Background: Open globe injury is one of the major causes of non-congenital ocular morbidities in children. Ocular trauma contributes 7% of all traumas and 10-15% of all ocular diseases. This study aims to assess VA after OGI in children at Sardjito General Hospital (SGH) and YAP Eye Hospital (YAP) using POTS.Methods: Children with OGI ≤15 years old from emergency unit from 2014 to 2016 was evaluated in retrospective design. Age, sex, admission time, operation time, cause of trauma, initial VA, final VA, and concomitant ocular pathology were collected, then classified with POTS. We compared initial VA and final VA to predict VA after OGI in children at SGH and YAP.Results: Twenty two (88%) patients were male and three (12%) patients were female with mean age of 8.84 years old. Nineteen cases were OGI with zone 1 involvement (76%), 2 cases with zone 2 (8%), and 4 cases with zone 3 (16%). After POTS classification, OGI in group 1 was 8 (32.6%), group 2 was 12 (48%), and group 3 was 5 (20%). Mean rate of initial VA was HM, 1 month after OGI was 1/60, 3 months was 3/60, 6 months was 3/60, and 12 months was 4/60. Classification using POTS was statistically significant for initial VA (p=0.046), VA in 1 month (p=0.046), and 3 months (p=0.46).Conclusion: OGI in children causes poor prognosis for VA. Zone involvement, delayed operation time and vitreous hemorrhage correlate with poor visual prognosis in OGI. Classification of injury with POTS shows prediction of VA after OGI. Keywords: open globe injury in children, pediatric ocular trauma score.

The metastases of the tumor become a serious problem malignancy including retinoblastoma. This study aimed to observe the correlation between several risk factors with the metastatic status of retinoblastoma patients in Yogyakarta Tertiary Hospital. Records of patients with retinoblastoma treated between 2011 and 2017 were obtained for observational analytic study. The gender, laterality, age, Body Mass Index (BMI) classification, BMI for age, type of retinoblastoma, and metastatic status were analyzed. The association was statistically analyzed by the correlation ratio of Eta test. Thirty-seven cases of retinoblastoma were enrolled in this study, with mean age 29.44 (±14.1) months; 14 females and 23 males. Ten patients (27.0%) have no metastases, while 27 patients (72.9%) exhibit metastases. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that male gender (OR 8.3; 95% CI 1.07-64.5; p = 0.04) and age below 24 months (OR 17.6; 95% CI 1.26-248.31; p = 0.03) were a predictive of the metastatic status for retinoblastoma. On the other hand, the laterality, BMI classification, BMI for age, and types of retinoblastoma were not associated with the metastatic status of retinoblastoma. The gender and age were significantly associated with the metastatic status of retinoblastoma. Male patients and age below 24 months were more likely to have metastatic disease of retinoblastoma. ABSTRAKMetastasis tumor menjadi masalah serius termasuk retinoblastoma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati hubungan antara beberapa faktor risiko dengan status metastasis pasien retinoblastoma di Rumah Sakit Tersier Yogyakarta. Catatan pasien dengan retinoblastoma yang dirawat antara 2011 dan 2017 diperoleh untuk studi analitik observasional. Jenis kelamin, lateralitas, usia, klasifikasi Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), IMT untuk usia, jenis retinoblastoma, dan status metastasis dianalisis. Hubungan tersebut dianalisis secara statistik dengan rasio korelasi uji Eta. Tiga puluh tujuh kasus retinoblastoma terdaftar dalam penelitian ini, dengan usia rata-rata 29,44 (± 14,1) bulan; 14 wanita dan 23 pria. Sepuluh pasien (27,0%) tidak memiliki metastasis, sementara 27 pasien (72,9%) menunjukkan metastasis. Analisis regresi logistik multivariat menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR 8,3; 95% CI 1,07-64,5; p = 0,04) dan usia di bawah 24 bulan (OR 17,6; 95% CI 1,31; p = 0,03) merupakan prediksi metastasis status untuk retinoblastoma. Di sisi lain, lateralitas, klasifikasi BMI, BMI untuk usia, dan jenis retinoblastoma tidak terkait dengan status metastasis retinoblastoma. Jenis kelamin dan usia secara signifikan terkait dengan status metastasis retinoblastoma. Pasien pria dan usia di bawah 24 bulan lebih cenderung memiliki penyakit metastasis retinoblastoma.