This study aimed to evaluate the level of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and NF-κB and p53 in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Twenty-four nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and ten normal subjects were involved in order to compare the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and peroxidative index (PI). The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of NF-κB and p53 from a biopsy specimen of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue (histologically confirmed to be undifferentiated WHO III) were also compared with normal nasopharyngeal tissue. The Student t-test was used to analyze the different level of MDA, H2O2 and PI. Analysis of MDA level and H2O2 was done by colorimetric method. Levels of ROS, NF-κB, and p53 were analyzed using laser scanning confocal microscopy. MDA and H2O2 levels as well as PI of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were significantly higher compared to control. The levels of ROS and expression of NF-κB and p53 were higher in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue than those in normal nasopharyngeal tissue. We conclude that the tissue of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one source of ROS and oxidative stress in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. NF-κB and p53 levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue may contribute to oxidative stress in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propolis extract to the population of regulatory T cells (CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + ) expressing IL-10 and TGF-β in vivo (DMBA-induced breast cancer in Female SpragueDawley Rats).
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek marinasi ekstrak tepung batang kecombrang terhadap sifat fisik dan organoleptik daging broiler. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Keempat perlakuan yaitu: daging ayam yang dimarinasi dengan ekstrak tepung batang kecombrang selama 0 jam (P0), daging ayam yang dimarinasi dengan ekstrak tepung batang kecombrang selama 1 jam (P1), daging ayam yang dimarinasi dengan ekstrak tepung batang kecombrang selama 3 jam (P2), dan daging ayam yang dimarinasi dengan ekstrak tepung batang kecombrang selama 5 jam (P3). Variabel yang diamati adalah susut masak, daya ikat air, pH, warna dan aroma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lama marinasi daging ayam broiler dengan ekstrak tepung batang kecombrang berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap susut masak, pH, warna dan nilai kesukaan panelis terhadap aroma, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap daya ikat air. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perlakuan lama marinasi 5 jam dengan ekstrak tepung batang kecombrang konsentrasi 6%, meningkatkan sifat fisik dan aroma subyektif filet daging ayam yang baik (susut masak 38,09%, daya ikat air 63,23%, nilai pH 5,17, aroma subyektif dengan skor 3,27 (suka), warna kecerahan (L) 41,2, warna kemerahan (a*) 6,07 dan warna kekuningan (b*) 18,86.
AbstrakSerbuk terbagi (pulveres) adalah serbuk yang dibagi dalam bobot yang kurang lebih sama yang dibungkus menggunakan bahan pembungkus yang cocok dan digunakan untuk sekali minum (dosis tunggal). Bahan pembungkus yang digunakan dapat berupa kertas perkamen atau kapsul disesuaikan dgn usia dan kondisi pasien. Salah satu syarat serbuk bagi (pulveres) yang baik yaitu harus memenuhi persyaratan keseragaman bobot. Faktor pelaksana dan penguasaan terhadap teknik peracikan khususnya pembuatan serbuk bagi akan menyebabkan variasi bobot dan kandungan. Variasi yang terlalu lebar akan menyebabkan dosis terlalu rendah atau terlalu tinggi dari permintaan penulis resep. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran keseragaman bobot dan keseragaman kandungan parasetamol dalam resep sediaan serbuk bagi (pulveres) bungkus di apotek Kota Bandar Lampung dibandingkan persyaratan pada Farmakope Indonesia. Jenis penelitian deskriftif dengan desain Cross sectional. Kegiatan penelitian diawali penebusan resep dokter di apotek kemudian melakukan penimbangan dan menghitung keseragaman bobot . Analisa data menggunakan persentase, data disajikan dalam bentuk diagram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 95,24% sediaan serbuk tidak memenuhi keseragaman bobot. Sesuai dengan keseragaman bobot sediaan dengan berat 150-300 mg maka tidak boleh satupun sediaan mempunyai berat menyimpang 15% dari bobot rata-rata sediaan.Kata kunci: Keseragaman bobot, racikan,, serbuk bagi (pulveres) AbstractPulveres are powders which are divided into approximately equal weights which are wrapped using suitable packaging materials and used for one drink (single dose). The wrapping material used can be parchment paper or capsules adjusted to the age and condition of the patient. One of the requirements for a good powder (pulveres) is that it must meet the uniformity of weights. Executing factors and mastery of compounding techniques, especially for making powder will cause variations in weight and content. Variations that are too wide will cause the dose to be too low or too high from the request of the prescription. The purpose of this study was to determine the weight uniformity and uniformity of the content of paracetamol in the recipe of packaged pulveres at the pharmacy in Bandar Lampung City compared to the requirements of the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. This research is descriptive with cross sectional design. The research activity was initiated by the doctor's redemption at the pharmacy and then weighing and calculating weight uniformity. Analysis of data using percentages, data is presented in the form of diagrams.The results showed 95.24% powder preparations did not meet the uniformity of weights. In accordance with the uniformity of the weight of the preparations with a weight of 150-300 mg, none of the preparations should have a weight deviating 15% from the average weight of the preparations.
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