A vaccine is considered to be one of the best options in public health safety, specifically when there is no effective vaccine available against that infectious disease.6 Classic vaccine development often takes years, but developing a vaccine for the prevention of Covid- 19 has turned out to be a race between viruses and humans, and along with the identification of other similar strains has made it more difficult. COVID- 19 has serious and life-threatening complications and no one knows how COVID- 19 is affecting.13 Firstly vaccines are given to health care workers in public and private. The vaccine is first given to one crore healthcare workers around India working in both government and private hospitals according to the recommendation by NEGVAC. It is mandatory to monitor the patient for the next 15 minutes after taking the Covid 19 Vaccine shot. Most of the side effects occur within the next 3 days after vaccination. If someone has a history of allergic reactions which is not related to vaccines or injectable medications, they can still take Covid 19 Vaccine. If someone getting an immediate allergic reaction after getting the first dose of Covid 19 Vaccine, then he/she should not take the second dose of the vaccine. Even though the vaccination strategy throughout the globe is in peak, the people are asked to follow the similar guidelines to prevent the transmission of corona virus. Therefore throughout the world, several ministries of health and family welfare have asked people to maintain social distancing, wearing facemasks in public, using hand sanitizers, washing hands, avoid crowded places and maintain personal hygiene.
Face masks are the new normal and has become an essential part in our day to day lives for preventing the entry of virus to and from others during pandemic situation .The more common physical basis of entry of micro organisms are nose, eyes , mouth. Though eyes are protected using goggles, face masks shields against the contaminating substance. The efficiency of masks are dependent on the amount of contaminant removed by it, contributing to various factors such as the number of particles, mass , weight and so on. It is well know that wearing a surgical masks can help block the droplets from entering or spreading from the environment to the wearers respiratory tract and vice versa.There were high levels of concerned raised anxiety on panic buying of face masks by the public during the initial outbreak of the pandemic , a high shortage among the essential group of people in need of face masks by the health care teams as well as the common people to fight strong against the virus..According to aerosol science, whenever liquid hangs in air it is an aerosol, or a “droplet” to mean a coarse particle five micrometers or larger, and reserve “aerosol” for fine particles smaller than five micrometers in effective diameter. Many organizations are suggesting to make use of cloth masks instead of surgical ones in order to prevent the shortage of surgical masks on the Covid 19 health works and thus reducing the economic load on the same. Hence to have in a solution for the same have led to reusing of masks which are meant to be single use by process of efficient sterilization.
The word ‘pandemic’ was originally a derivative from two Greek words “pan” referring “all” and “demos” “people”. “An epidemic arising over a very diverse area, crossing the global margins, and typically affecting a huge number of people” is defined as a pandemic. Therefore pandemics are recognized by their topographical scale instead of severity of ailments. Even though the term “pandemic” has not been clearly defined, wide geographic extension, disease movement, novelty, severity, high attack rates and explosiveness, minimal population immunity, infectiousness and contagiousness can be considered as some of the key features of this term. Till today, globe has encountered several notable pandemics caused by virus such as Spanish flu, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), smallpox, SARS, Ebola and Nipah disease whose causative organisms are H1N1, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Variola virus, DEN-1/DEN2/DEN3/DEN4, coronavirus, Ebola virus (Zaire/Sudan/Tai/Cote D’ivoire), and Nipah virus (NiV) respectively. This review includes detailed data regarding various viral pandemics. Analyzing the history, clinical manifestation, pathogenesis, management and precautions of several viral pandemics which will promote and spread the awareness among the public as well as the healthcare system.
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