Face masks are the new normal and has become an essential part in our day to day lives for preventing the entry of virus to and from others during pandemic situation .The more common physical basis of entry of micro organisms are nose, eyes , mouth. Though eyes are protected using goggles, face masks shields against the contaminating substance. The efficiency of masks are dependent on the amount of contaminant removed by it, contributing to various factors such as the number of particles, mass , weight and so on. It is well know that wearing a surgical masks can help block the droplets from entering or spreading from the environment to the wearers respiratory tract and vice versa.There were high levels of concerned raised anxiety on panic buying of face masks by the public during the initial outbreak of the pandemic , a high shortage among the essential group of people in need of face masks by the health care teams as well as the common people to fight strong against the virus..According to aerosol science, whenever liquid hangs in air it is an aerosol, or a “droplet” to mean a coarse particle five micrometers or larger, and reserve “aerosol” for fine particles smaller than five micrometers in effective diameter. Many organizations are suggesting to make use of cloth masks instead of surgical ones in order to prevent the shortage of surgical masks on the Covid 19 health works and thus reducing the economic load on the same. Hence to have in a solution for the same have led to reusing of masks which are meant to be single use by process of efficient sterilization.
The word ‘pandemic’ was originally a derivative from two Greek words “pan” referring “all” and “demos” “people”. “An epidemic arising over a very diverse area, crossing the global margins, and typically affecting a huge number of people” is defined as a pandemic. Therefore pandemics are recognized by their topographical scale instead of severity of ailments. Even though the term “pandemic” has not been clearly defined, wide geographic extension, disease movement, novelty, severity, high attack rates and explosiveness, minimal population immunity, infectiousness and contagiousness can be considered as some of the key features of this term. Till today, globe has encountered several notable pandemics caused by virus such as Spanish flu, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), smallpox, SARS, Ebola and Nipah disease whose causative organisms are H1N1, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Variola virus, DEN-1/DEN2/DEN3/DEN4, coronavirus, Ebola virus (Zaire/Sudan/Tai/Cote D’ivoire), and Nipah virus (NiV) respectively. This review includes detailed data regarding various viral pandemics. Analyzing the history, clinical manifestation, pathogenesis, management and precautions of several viral pandemics which will promote and spread the awareness among the public as well as the healthcare system.
Healthcare workers are the front liners in war against COVID 19 pandemic. Since this fight against the pandemic started, thousands of heath care workers have been infected with many paying the ultimate price with their lives in a bid to provide health care service to COVID 19 patients. Currently many are either in quarantine or in isolation. Still many are working with fear of virus and in under poor conditions without adequate protections. The potential for high exposure is generally higher in health care workers due to increased hospitalization, longer time exposure, failure to implement effective personal health protection, lack of training, monitoring of infection control protection mechanism. This has led to shortage of workforce in the health sector. Exposure to COVID 19 in the health care setting depends on the health care worker’s understanding of the infectious nature of the virus, the routes by which the virus is acquired, the techniques that are most hazardous and the safe working environment and practice. This work is therefore aimed at providing relevant information on the risk of exposure, the impact of virus on the health care workers and the required bio safety measures needed to keep the workers safe in the organization. Broad Academic area of work: Service Quality Excellence in Health care Keywords-: PPE (Personal protective equipments), BMW (Bio medical waste), donning and doffing (process of using and discarding PPEs), HCW (Health care workers), Nosocomial infection (Hospital acquired infection), Covid 19.
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