BackgroundSyzygium jambos has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in Bangladesh. The study investigates the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling of phenolic compounds, and evaluates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of S. jambos available in Bangladesh.MethodsThe extract was subjected to HPLC for the identification and quantification of the major bioactive polyphenols present in S. jambos. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2′-azino bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging, reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract in rats for two different test models: carrageenan and histamine-induced paw edema was inspected.ResultsHigh levels of catechin hydrate and rutin hydrate (99.00 and 79.20 mg/100 g extract, respectively) and moderate amounts of ellagic acid and quercetin (59.40 and 69.30 mg/100 g extract, respectively) were quantified in HPLC. Catechin hydrate from this plant extract was determined for the first time through HPLC. For ABTS scavenging assay, the median inhibition concentration (IC50) value of S. jambos was 57.80 µg/ml, which was significant to that of ascorbic acid (12.01 µg/ml). The maximum absorbance for reducing power assay was found to be 0.4934. The total antioxidant capacity, phenolic and flavonoid contents were calculated to be 628.50 mg/g of ascorbic acid, 230.82 mg/g of gallic acid and 11.84 mg/g of quercetin equivalent, respectively. At a dose of 400 mg/kg, a significant acute anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.01) was observed in rats for both the test models with a reduction in the paw volume of 58.04 and 53.95 %, in comparison to those of indomethacin (62.94 and 65.79 %), respectively.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the phenolic and flavonoid compounds are responsible for acute anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of S. jambos.

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The aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and HPLC fingerprinting profiles of the ethanolic leaf extract of Hibiscus tiliaceus growing in Bangladesh. Catechin, rutin hydrate, ellagic acid and quercetin contents were quantified in the sample by HPLC-DAD (99.00±1.88, 79.20±1.59, 59.40±1.36 and 69.30±1.47 mg/100 g of dry extract), respectively. The antioxidant

Based on the classical Lorentz model of the index of refraction, a new method is presented for the extraction of the complex index of refraction from the extinction efficiency, Qext , of homogeneous and layered dielectric spheres that simultaneously removes scattering effects and corrects measured extinction spectra for baseline shifts, tilts, curvature, and scaling. No reference spectrum is required and fit functions may be used that automatically satisfy the Kramers-Kronig relations. Thus, the method yields pure absorbance spectra for unambiguous interpretation of the chemical information of the sample. In the case of homogeneous spheres, the method also determines the radius of the sphere. In the case of layered spheres, the method determines the substances within each layer. Only a single-element detector is required. Using simulated Qext data of polymethyl-methacrylate and polystyrene homogeneous and layered spheres, we show that our reconstruction algorithm is reliable and accurately extracts pure absorbance spectra from Qext data. Reconstructing the pure absorbance spectrum from a published, experimentally measured raw absorbance spectrum shows that our method simultaneously corrects spectra for scattering effects and, given shape information, corrects raw spectra for systematic errors that result in spectral distortions such as baseline shifts, tilts, curvature, and scaling.

A new method is presented for the extraction of the complex index of refraction from the extinction efficiency, $$Q_{ext} {({\tilde{\nu }})}$$ Q ext ( ν ~ ) , of homogeneous and layered dielectric spheres that simultaneously removes scattering effects and corrects measured extinction spectra for systematic experimental errors such as baseline shifts, tilts, curvature, and scaling. No reference spectrum is required and fit functions may be used that automatically satisfy the Kramers–Kronig relations. Thus, the method yields the complex refractive index of a sample for unambiguous interpretation of the chemical information of the sample. In the case of homogeneous spheres, the method also determines the radius of the sphere. In the case of layered spheres, the method determines the substances within each layer. Only a single-element detector is required. Using numerically computed $$Q_{ext}({\tilde{\nu }})$$ Q ext ( ν ~ ) data of polymethyl-methacrylate and polystyrene homogeneous and layered spheres, we show that the new reconstruction algorithm is accurate and reliable. Reconstructing the complex refractive index from a published, experimentally measured raw absorbance spectrum shows that the new method simultaneously corrects spectra for scattering effects and, given shape information, corrects raw spectra for systematic errors that result in spectral distortions such as baseline shifts, tilts, curvature, and scaling.

Aims: The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activity and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting profiles of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Euphorbia cotinifolia growing in Bangladesh. Methodology: In-vitro antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was carried out using ABTS (2, 2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay, total antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content determination. The