The purpose of this study is to know and analyze the effect of wage variables on regional investment policy, the influence of inflation variables on regional investment policy, and the influence of exchange rate variables on investment policy of the Region on Labor. In this study, the population taken is the entire workforce whose data comes from the Central Bureau of Statistics in Sidoarjo which amounted to 64,792 workers. Data analysis using multiple linear regressions with the help of SPSS program version 20 showed that there is an influence of wages, inflation, and exchange rate on local investment policy. Based on the results of calculations and test results conducted, it can be explained that there is an effect of wages on regional investment of labor followed by the characteristics of inflation on labor that affects the exchange rate of investment. This illustrates for policymakers which empirical evidence exists in a series of time to test the theoretical basis while establishing fiscal, monetary, or exchange rate policies to stabilize output and employment by using interest rates, money supply, and exchange rates as instruments for achieving goals.

The purpose of this research is to know and test the influence of the location of businesses, products, promotions, services, consumer behavior towards Indomaret Point Raya Darmo Surabaya.This research is explanatory study, which explains the influence between variables through hypothesis testing. The research was held in Indomaret Point Raya Darmo Surabaya. The sample in this study were 80 respondents. The independent variables are: location (X 1), product (X 2), promotion (X 3) and services (X 4), the dependent Variable is the consumer's behavior (Y), while its analysis technique using multiple linear regression analysis are used as statistical methods.The results of data analysis in this study is there is a very strong relationship between location (X 1), product (X 2), Promotion (X 3), services (X 4) to consumer behavior, the value of the coefficient of determination (R square) of 0,936. This figure shows that the variable location (X 1), product (X 2), Promotion (X 3), services (X 4) can account for the variation or able to contribute to the performance of variable 93.6%, while the rest amounted to 6.4% due to other variables that are not included in the study.

Human Development Index (HDI) is used to measure overall performance where Indonesia's HDI is ranked 110 out of 187 countries with an index value of 0.684 in 2015. Consumption of animal protein has a relationship with life expectancy and quality of life which determines by the HDI performance. The paper describes on perspective development of animal protein source from livestock in Indonesia. The production development of animal protein source in overall (meat, eggs, and milk) had a positive growth during the period of 1994-2015 with the range of 1-6%/year, except that for buffalo meat production that decreased by 1.77%/year. The animal protein availability of meat was dominated by broiler production, followed by beef, mutton and others. The broiler meat production has the highest growth rate of 6.67%/year. Meanwhile, the animal protein source of non-meat production was dominated by eggs and milk production that its growth rate were 5.98 and 4.29%/year, respectively. In the same period, the meat production share was dominated by poultry meat, the rest derived from large ruminant, small ruminant, and other meat sources. Egg and milk production share also increased significantly during the period and share availability of beef production was less than 25% where its consumer participation was decreased. This indicates that beef is not a primary consumption for the majority people of Indonesia. Development program is needed to encourage an increase of the protein source from poultry meat, large ruminants, small ruminants, and milk.

Dairy cattle to be able to produce products optimally must be fulfilled in quality and quantity. The forage of livestock has an important role as a source of feed which also determines the quality and production of milk. In fact, forage production is not always continuous throughout the year, especially when entering the dry season. The supply pattern arrangement and the availability of forage will affect the feed supply in the dairy farming area in Central Java. This study aims to analyze the pattern of supply and strategy for developing forage on dairy farms in the location of dairy cattle in Central Java. Census was conducted in 5 active dairy farming cooperatives in Semarang Regency and Boyolali Regency. The results showed that elephant grass was the main source of forage for dairy cattle. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, in the development of forage, the strategy is directed at continuity of forage production. The proposed strategy is the introduction of forage preservation technologies for agricultural food and waste (silage, amoniase and hay); Acceleration of strengthening quality, material, and extension methods for forage; Utilization of agricultural waste; Coordinating with the relevant office for permits for land use owned by Perhutani; Facilitation from related agencies/institution in improving technology and managerial farmers; Expansion of sustainable forage land areas; Introduction and understanding of the types of quality forage; and optimizing the utilization of cattle waste as compost.

Financial performance on native chicken can conduct to find out the prospects of profits that can be earned. This research was aimed to determine the financial performance of artificial insemination (AI) and natural mating (KA) managements in native chickens. This research was conducted from 27th September-21th November 2019 at Balai Penelitian Ternak, Ciawi and Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. The method used in this study was a structured survey. Respondents were taken using purposive sampling based on the criteria that the sample was a native chicken farmer and applied marital management of AI and/or KA. Data were analyzed by measuring the eligibility criteria using Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C ratio). The result showed that the financial performance on breeding and hatching of native chickens using both AI (fresh semen and pellet method of frozen semen) and KA were profitable and feasible with an R/C ratio value >1. Artificial insemination will reduce the costs of maintaining chicken male, cage, and feed compared KA which is carried out in a controlled and intensive management. However, the AI requires additional skilled labor. Based on the results of this research, it was obtained information that the application of AI using both fresh and frozen semen in native chicken was profitable so that it could be an alternative choice in the mating management of native chicken.

Pengembangan ayam lokal dewasa ini semakin prospektif seiring dengan adanya diversifikasi produk yang semakin diminati masyarakat dengan segmen pasar tersendiri. Namun, usaha ayam lokal yang lebih banyak dikembangkan secara back yard farming menyebabkan daya tawar peternak ayam lokal belum kompetitif. Hal ini salah satunya disebabkan belum diterapkannya entrepreneurial skills dengan baik. Dalam sistem agribisnis, efektifitas dan efisiensi kinerja usaha ayam lokal tidak hanya ditentukan oleh modal fisik tapi juga modal sosial berupa keahlian berwirausaha terutama perilaku kewirausahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penumbuhkembangan perilaku kewirausahaan dalam sistem agribisnis ayam lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan jurnal hasil penelitian, tesis/disertasi, buku teks, dan laporan pemerintah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bibit ayam lokal pada subsistem agribisnis hulu merupakan titik krusial yang menentukan kontinyuitas pasokan DOC ayam lokal di subsistem on farm. Dukungan kelembagaan, pemerintah pusat dan daerah, asosiasi dan jaringan pemasaran menjadi komponen yang perlu dikuatkan. Pada subsistem on farm, perilaku dari peternak yang belum menjadikan ayam lokal sebagai usaha pokok merupakan esensi yang penting untuk dilakukan perubahan menjadi perilaku seorang wirausaha. Perilaku kewirausahaan yang terdiri dari pengetahuan, sikap mental, dan keterampilan adalah faktor penentu kinerja usaha. Perilaku wirausaha dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal (karakter wirausaha) dan faktor eksternal (lingkungan usaha). Karakter wirausaha yang dominan perlu diperhatikan dalam menumbuhkembangkan perilaku kewirausahaan yaitu motivasi, inovasi, dan berani mengambil resiko. Sementara itu, faktor eksternal yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu dukungan penyuluhan atau pelatihan, ketersediaan sarana produksi, dan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah.

Bali cattle is one of the Indonesian germplasm that well adapted to suboptimal areas including East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). Difficulties in accessing capital became one of the factors that hamper effort the development of Bali cattle in larger scale. One alternative to access capital is through partnership model of Bali cattle fattening based on local resources. Partnership model of Bali cattle fattening was intiated by village cooperative centre (<em>pusat koperasi unit desa</em> =PUSKUD) since 2002 in Kupang District, South Central Timor District, North Central Timor District, and Belu District. Profit sharing in this program is 70% for farmers and 30% for PUSKUD NTT. The partnership program has been performing well and growing rapidly. On the other hand, some problems occurred such as cattle death and forced sale due to lack of feed, especially during dry season. In its development, the partnership model has resulted in empowering farmers through increasing income and employment.

Sheep farming in Indonesia has a major challenge of low productivity. The demand of domestic market for sheep is increasing over time. This study aimed to assess the production management systems to improve the livelihood of sheep farming. The method was descriptive with case study in Bangun Karso Farm, Bogor, Indonesia. Data related to farm management were collected in the farm. The description on sheep production was conducted on sustainable farming practices, breeding program and feeding system. The farm keeps fat-tailed sheep (FTS), thin-tailed sheep (TTS), and crossbreed of FTS and TTS with temperate breed. The purposes of sheep farming were fattening and breeding. It has total 374 sheep from various breeds and ages. The sheep that use for breeding were 167 sheep. The result showed that with the current sheep production management system, it is possible to maintain genetic diversity. The study suggests that planned and controlled cross-breeding are important to prevent the dilution of sheep genetic resources.