Background: Gall stone precipitation is multifactorial in nature. Nowadays, gallbladder disease is a frequent problem in developed countries including India, representing a major health problem. The present study was planned to study the epidemiology of gall stone disease in the region of Madhya Pradesh, India.Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients seeking surgical care for their gall stone disease during past one year at Sukhsagar Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India during formed the study population. Study tools were records of the patients such as information from MRD department and records from histopathological section.Results: Majority (26.6%) of cases was in the age group of 51-60 years followed by 21.6% cases in the age group of 41-50 years. Sex wise 63.3% were females. Most (71.7%) patients presented with the complaints of pain in the region of hypochondrial region followed by nausea in 46.6%. Jaundice was the least common presenting feature shown by 6.6% patients. As per gross morphology, majority of cases (44) had pigmented stones. As per biochemical analysis, majority of cases (33) had mixed type of stones. The gall stones size varied from 0.2 cm to 2.2 cm in diameter. The weight of gall stones ranged from 0.34 gm to 4.9 gm.Conclusions: Cholelithiasis is more common in the age group of 41- 60 years with female predominance. Non-vegetarians are at risk for cholelithiasis compared to vegetarians. Hypochondrial pain is most common manifestation. Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathological diagnosis. Mixed type stones were common variety.
Background: Varied results emerging out of various studies have created a controversy about effect of intravenous fluid supplementation on drop in Serum Bilirubin levels in term babies with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Paucity of literature also warrants this study. The objective of this study is to evaluate the probable effect, if any, of intravenous fluid supplementation in decreasing the serum bilirubin level in healthy term babies with hyperbilirubinemia from Northern India.Methods: In this prospective study healthy term neonates (37-41 weeks gestation) with serum bilirubin (>18 mg/dl and <25 mg/dl) for treatment with phototherapy were randomly allocated to two groups, study group received intravenous fluid for total 16 hours along with breast feed and control group given only breast feeds. Results: Baseline variables like sex distribution, age at admission, gestation, birth weight, admission weight, number of babies, appropriate for gestational age, mode of delivery, oxytocin use, incidence of breast feeding and serum bilirubin level at the time of inclusion in study, were comparable in both control and study group. Drop of total serum Bilirubin (TSB) at 4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours of study were also significantly higher in study group as compared to control group. Although the drop in TSB level at 60 hours between two groups was not significantly different. Conclusions: Based on our findings it can be concluded that additional intravenous fluid supplementation significantly reduced the serum bilirubin in study group as compared to control group.
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