The convergence of nano and biotechnology is enabling scientific and technical knowledge for improving human well being. Carbon nanotubes have become most fascinating material to be studied and unveil new avenues in the field of nanobiotechnology. The nanometer size and high aspect ratio of the CNTs are the two distinct features, which have contributed to diverse biomedical applications. They have captured the attention as nanoscale materials due to their nanometric structure and remarkable list of superlative and extravagant properties that encouraged their exploitation for promising applications. Significant progress has been made in order to overcome some of the major hurdles towards biomedical application of nanomaterials, especially on issues regarding the aqueous solubility/dispersion and safety of CNTs. Functionalized CNTs have been used in drug targeting, imaging, and in the efficient delivery of gene and nucleic acids. CNTs have also demonstrated great potential in diverse biomedical uses like drug targeting, imaging, cancer treatment, tissue regeneration, diagnostics, biosensing, genetic engineering and so forth. The present review highlights the possible potential of CNTs in diagnostics, imaging and targeted delivery of bioactives and also outlines the future opportunities for biomedical applications.

Development of water-dispersible phosphate anchored Fe3O4 magnetic nanocarriers by conjugation of bioactive sodium hexametaphosphate for drug delivery and hyperthermia applications.

This study was conducted to develop chicken meat patties by incorporating pomegranate peel and bagasse powders and their extracts. Patties were developed by incorporating pomegranate peel powder (PPP, 2 g), pomegranate aril bagasse powder (PABP, 4 g), pomegranate peel powder aqueous extract (PPAE, 6 g) and pomegranate aril bagasse powder aqueous extract (PABAE, 9 g) individually per 100 g of minced meat. Both types of powders and extracts treated patties had significantly higher total phenolic content than control and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) treated patties. Both types of powder (PPP and PABP) treated patties had significantly higher water holding capacity, ash, crude fibre content, and hardness values, and significantly lower moisture content and lightness values in comparison to control patties. Emulsion stability and cooking yield of PABP treated patties were significantly higher than control. Addition of extracts and BHT did not influence the physico-chemical properties and proximate composition of chicken patties. Both types of powders and extracts provided better protection to chicken meat patties against oxidative rancidity and microbial proliferation in comparison to control and BHT treated patties during refrigerated storage. It is concluded that pomegranate fruit byproducts in the form of peel powder, aril bagasse powder and their extracts can be successfully utilised in development of healthier chicken meat patties and these byproducts can also be effectively used as a replacement of synthetic antioxidants such as BHT.

This paper develops a hierarchical landscape approach for investigating how landscape structure influences the abundance of eastern grey kangaroos, red kangaroos and common wallaroos on properties in a partially cleared semi-arid woodland of Queensland. This approach is applied to examine the extent to which a mosaic of spatial factors at a hierarchy of scales influences kangaroo abundance at the property level. the level of management interest. The analysis concludes that the structure of the property habitat mosaic, coupled with pasture productivity, is the most important influence for each species. Access to water was not a limiting factor. although it may be important locally. Grey kangaroos prefer an even mosaic of all habitat types on properties with productive grass-dominated pastures. Red kangaroos are positively associated with run-on areas and large-shrub regrowth patches. reflecting their foraging preferences for forbs and short grasses and their ability to use more open habitats. Wallaroos have a clumped density distribution associated with a heterogeneous mosaic of open habitats interspersed with fragmented forest patches and small to medium-grained shrub-regrowth patches. The research. \+bile not replicated. identifies linkages between tree clearing practices at the property level and increased large kangaroo abundance in the region, These linkages have been previously overlooked in thc kangaroo Inanagement debare. Therefore. any tree clearing guidelines dt.\eloped at the propert) level need to be sensitive to key ecological processes influencing kangaroo populations at both the landscape and property levels. If not, the sustainable management of total grazing pressure (livestock plus kangaroos) and biodiversity conservation will never become a reality. Key words: kangaroos, landscape structure, landscape change, pattern, process, scale