INTRODUCTIONFine needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation lymph node lesions is a simple important diagnostic tool. 1 FNAC is a first line investigation modality for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathies. 2Lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest clinical presentations of patients attending outpatients' departments of most hospitals. The etiology of lymphadenopathy varies from reactive hyperplasia, granulomatous lesions, lymphoma and metastatic diseases.FNAC has been advocated as a useful method in comparison to more expensive surgical excision biopsy in developing countries with limited resources. 3 The use of fine needle aspiration cytology in the investigation of lymphadenopathy has become an acceptable and widely practiced safe simple rapid and minimally invasive technique. 4 The present study was undertaken to assess ABSTRACT Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a first line investigation modality for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathies. Cervical lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations affecting all age groups. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a first line investigation modality for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathies. Cervical lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations affecting all age groups. Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology of Government Medical CollegeThiruvananthapuram over a two year. Out of 1020 aspirations 122 cases where identified and included in the study. All the diagnosis obtained by fine needle aspiration cytology was correlated with histopathology. Results:The age of the patients ranged from seven years to seventy-eight years in which 44% were males and 56% were females. Incidence of non-neoplastic lymph node lesions was common during 2 to 4 decades. Incidence of neoplastic lymph node lesions was common during 4 to 6th decade. Reactive change and Tuberculosis were seen more common in females whereas Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and metastatic tumors were more common in males. The overall accuracy of lymph node lesions in our study was found to be 90.98%, sensitivity 84 % and specificity 95.8%. Conclusions: Our study concluded that FNAC is simple, quick, minimally invasive technique to diagnose lymphadenopathy. The overall accuracy of lymph node lesions in our study was found to be 90.98%, sensitivity 84% and specificity 95.8%. Findings in this study are comparable and consistent with studies conducted elsewhere. The limitations of FNAC are that only positive results have clinical significance. The limitations have to be taken into account while interpreting the smears and skill has to be gained by constant practice.
Background: The ovarian tumors manifest a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features. The aim of the study was to study the histopathological patterns of 597 ovarian tumors received in Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala for a period of 2 years and to correlate with variousclinical parameters like age, nature of presentation, laterality of tumors.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 597 ovarian tumors at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram for a period of 2 years. The clinical data of the patients was obtained from their respective files.Results: Study included 597 cases removed from 570 patients. Total 543 cases were unilateral and 27 cases were bilateral. The predominant age group of ovarian tumors was 4th to 5th decade. The most common clinical presentation was pain abdomen followed by mass abdomen. In the present study, 85% cases were benign tumors, 3.34% were borderline and 11.6% were malignant. Surface epithelial tumors were the most common ovarian neoplasm (79%), followed by germ cell tumor (25%), sex cord stromal tumors (4.2%) and metastasis (0.34%). The most common benign tumor was serous cystadenoma and the most common malignant tumor was serous carcinoma. Mucinous borderline tumor was the most common borderline tumor in this study.Conclusions: Majority of ovarian tumors in this study were benign. Surface epithelial tumor was the most common ovarian tumor in the present study. Most common age group was 40-49 years.
BACKGROUNDFine needle aspiration cytology is a simple and cost effective technique that is routinely used in patients presenting with persistent lymphadenopathy. FNAC is a first line investigation modality for evaluation of lymphadenopathy. Aetiology of lymphadenopathy in head and neck region varies from reactive hyperplasia to tuberculous granulomatous lesion to malignancy.The aim of the present study is to compare the accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of neoplastic lymph node disease with that of non-neoplastic diseases.
BACKGROUND Salivary gland neoplasms are an interesting, diverse group of tumours with many associated factors that make their diagnoses and management challenging. The long natural history of these lesions, wide spectrum of biological activity they exhibit, the difficulty in diagnosis and high rate of recurrence attribute to difficulty in management of these lesions. Since the lesions of major and minor salivary gland lesions are easily accessible, they can be readily subjected to examination by fine needle aspiration cytology studies which help in predicting the nature of the lesions and thereby helpful in management of these lesions.The present study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in categorising the salivary gland lesions and possible sources of errors. MATERIALS AND METHODSStudy Design-Descriptive study. The study was conducted on 250 patients who underwent fine needle aspiration cytology of salivary glands at Government Medical College, Trivandrum over a period of two years. Histopathological data was obtained in 115 cases. The study examines the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC of salivary gland lesions in comparison with histopathology. Inclusion Criteria-All patients with clinically palpable lesions in salivary glands-parotid or submandibular region. Exclusion Criteria-1. Acute inflammatory lesions of salivary glands; 2. Patients with other comorbidities. RESULTSOf the 250 patients who underwent FNA, 151 patients were males (60.4%) and 99 were females (39.6%). Age of patients ranged from 2 -77 years. Most common salivary gland involved was the right parotid gland. Neoplasms were more common (66.96%) than non-neoplastic lesions (33.04%). The sensitivity of FNAC in detecting malignancy was 64.3%, specificity 75.25%, accuracy 73.91%, positive predictive value 86.36% and negative predictive value 86.36%. CONCLUSIONFine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, cost effective, sensitive and specific technique for diagnosis of most salivary gland lesions. Hence, it may be used as a diagnostic modality in predicting the nature of salivary gland lesions pre-operatively and hence helpful in management of these lesions.
Salivary gland tumors compromises <3% of the head and neck tumors. Mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) of the salivary gland is a benign tumor arising mainly in the major salivary glands (65%), especially in the parotid and, less frequently, in accessory salivary glands (35%). A small minority (8%) occurs in the oral cavity, neck and nasal cavity. Most common site for minor salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma is palate, though it can also occur in the upper lip, cheek, floor of the mouth, larynx and trachea.Here we report series of 2 cases of pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular gland and floor of mouth respectively. Both are less frequent sites for this pathology.
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