INTRODUCTIONFine needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation lymph node lesions is a simple important diagnostic tool. 1 FNAC is a first line investigation modality for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathies. 2Lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest clinical presentations of patients attending outpatients' departments of most hospitals. The etiology of lymphadenopathy varies from reactive hyperplasia, granulomatous lesions, lymphoma and metastatic diseases.FNAC has been advocated as a useful method in comparison to more expensive surgical excision biopsy in developing countries with limited resources. 3 The use of fine needle aspiration cytology in the investigation of lymphadenopathy has become an acceptable and widely practiced safe simple rapid and minimally invasive technique. 4 The present study was undertaken to assess ABSTRACT Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a first line investigation modality for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathies. Cervical lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations affecting all age groups. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a first line investigation modality for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathies. Cervical lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations affecting all age groups. Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology of Government Medical CollegeThiruvananthapuram over a two year. Out of 1020 aspirations 122 cases where identified and included in the study. All the diagnosis obtained by fine needle aspiration cytology was correlated with histopathology. Results:The age of the patients ranged from seven years to seventy-eight years in which 44% were males and 56% were females. Incidence of non-neoplastic lymph node lesions was common during 2 to 4 decades. Incidence of neoplastic lymph node lesions was common during 4 to 6th decade. Reactive change and Tuberculosis were seen more common in females whereas Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and metastatic tumors were more common in males. The overall accuracy of lymph node lesions in our study was found to be 90.98%, sensitivity 84 % and specificity 95.8%. Conclusions: Our study concluded that FNAC is simple, quick, minimally invasive technique to diagnose lymphadenopathy. The overall accuracy of lymph node lesions in our study was found to be 90.98%, sensitivity 84% and specificity 95.8%. Findings in this study are comparable and consistent with studies conducted elsewhere. The limitations of FNAC are that only positive results have clinical significance. The limitations have to be taken into account while interpreting the smears and skill has to be gained by constant practice.
Primary carcinoma of fallopian tube is rare and accounts for only 0.7-1.5% of all gynecological malignancies. Majority of the patients are postmenopausal with mean age of 61 years. Study present a case of 48-year-old lady, who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo oophorectomy for a clinical diagnosis of fibroid uterus. Histopathological examination revealed, in addition to intramural fibroids, bilateral serous papillary adenocarcinoma of fallopian tube. We present this case due to its rarity.
Background: Diseases of thyroid are one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting general population which range from non-neoplastic to neoplastic lesions. The incidence and pattern of thyroid lesions depend on various factors which include sex, age, ethnic and geographical patterns. Majority of thyroid lesions are non-neoplastic only <5% are malignant. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and histomorphological pattern of thyroidectomy specimens and their relationship with age and sex of the patient.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology, Govt. Medical College, Alappuzha for a period of 2 years. The study included 620 thyroidectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology. All the biopsy reports were reviewed, and different lesions were categorised according to age and gender distribution. The data was analysed by standard statistical methods.Results: The commonest of the non-neoplastic lesions was nodular colloid goiter followed by lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto thyroiditis Nodular hyperplasia and thyroglossal cyst. Most common malignant lesion in this study is papillary carcinoma and benign lesion is follicular adenoma. Age group of patients ranged from 6 ½ to 84 years. The study showed a female predominance of 88.38%.Conclusions: Thyroid disorders are commonly encountered endocrine diseases. The study showed a female predominance. Peak age of incidence of thyroid lesions was between 40 and 50 years. Most common lesion was follicular adenoma and most common malignant lesion was papillary carcinoma.Histopathological examination is the mainstay for definite diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms.
Multiple myeloma is a disease resulting from clonal proliferation of plasma cells. It often presents with bone pain, lytic bone lesions; spinal cord compression and peripheral neuropathy are less common presenting symptoms. Disease takes multiple forms that vary in treatment and prognosis and include multiple myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma, osteosclerotic myeloma. We present here the case of a 54 year old female who presented with multiple swellings on the forehead, she is a known case of multiple myeloma which was diagnosed in 2015. Aspirate from the swelling revealed immature plasma cells plasmablasts, flame cells, Ducther body and Russell bodies. The cells could be easily identified as plasma cells with their characteristic morphological appearance and therefore, the need for immunohistochemical analysis did not arise. Based on the cytological picture and reports of ancillary investigations, a diagnosis of metastasis from multiple myeloma was established. We are presenting this case because solitary lesions of multiple myeloma are rare in the head and neck area
Male breast cancers accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancer cases. Invasive papillary carcinoma of breast is a rare form of breast carcinoma. Here we report a case of invasive papillary carcinoma of breast in a 60 year old male who presented with a swelling in the right breast of 5 months duration. FNAC was done and the diagnosis was papillary neoplasm with cystic component. The patient underwent mastectomy following an excisional biopsy. In our patient after mastectomy the patient had undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy and he is doing well now. We report this case due to its rarity and due to limited nature of data.
BACKGROUNDFine needle aspiration cytology is a simple and cost effective technique that is routinely used in patients presenting with persistent lymphadenopathy. FNAC is a first line investigation modality for evaluation of lymphadenopathy. Aetiology of lymphadenopathy in head and neck region varies from reactive hyperplasia to tuberculous granulomatous lesion to malignancy.The aim of the present study is to compare the accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of neoplastic lymph node disease with that of non-neoplastic diseases.
BACKGROUND Salivary gland neoplasms are an interesting, diverse group of tumours with many associated factors that make their diagnoses and management challenging. The long natural history of these lesions, wide spectrum of biological activity they exhibit, the difficulty in diagnosis and high rate of recurrence attribute to difficulty in management of these lesions. Since the lesions of major and minor salivary gland lesions are easily accessible, they can be readily subjected to examination by fine needle aspiration cytology studies which help in predicting the nature of the lesions and thereby helpful in management of these lesions.The present study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in categorising the salivary gland lesions and possible sources of errors. MATERIALS AND METHODSStudy Design-Descriptive study. The study was conducted on 250 patients who underwent fine needle aspiration cytology of salivary glands at Government Medical College, Trivandrum over a period of two years. Histopathological data was obtained in 115 cases. The study examines the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC of salivary gland lesions in comparison with histopathology. Inclusion Criteria-All patients with clinically palpable lesions in salivary glands-parotid or submandibular region. Exclusion Criteria-1. Acute inflammatory lesions of salivary glands; 2. Patients with other comorbidities. RESULTSOf the 250 patients who underwent FNA, 151 patients were males (60.4%) and 99 were females (39.6%). Age of patients ranged from 2 -77 years. Most common salivary gland involved was the right parotid gland. Neoplasms were more common (66.96%) than non-neoplastic lesions (33.04%). The sensitivity of FNAC in detecting malignancy was 64.3%, specificity 75.25%, accuracy 73.91%, positive predictive value 86.36% and negative predictive value 86.36%. CONCLUSIONFine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, cost effective, sensitive and specific technique for diagnosis of most salivary gland lesions. Hence, it may be used as a diagnostic modality in predicting the nature of salivary gland lesions pre-operatively and hence helpful in management of these lesions.
Background: The ovarian tumors manifest a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features. The aim of the study was to study the histopathological patterns of 597 ovarian tumors received in Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala for a period of 2 years and to correlate with variousclinical parameters like age, nature of presentation, laterality of tumors.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 597 ovarian tumors at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram for a period of 2 years. The clinical data of the patients was obtained from their respective files.Results: Study included 597 cases removed from 570 patients. Total 543 cases were unilateral and 27 cases were bilateral. The predominant age group of ovarian tumors was 4th to 5th decade. The most common clinical presentation was pain abdomen followed by mass abdomen. In the present study, 85% cases were benign tumors, 3.34% were borderline and 11.6% were malignant. Surface epithelial tumors were the most common ovarian neoplasm (79%), followed by germ cell tumor (25%), sex cord stromal tumors (4.2%) and metastasis (0.34%). The most common benign tumor was serous cystadenoma and the most common malignant tumor was serous carcinoma. Mucinous borderline tumor was the most common borderline tumor in this study.Conclusions: Majority of ovarian tumors in this study were benign. Surface epithelial tumor was the most common ovarian tumor in the present study. Most common age group was 40-49 years.
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