Dyslipidemia is a metabolic condition linked to increased morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two new nutraceuticals derived from annatto (Bixa orellana), açaí (Euterpe oleracea), and soybean germ or red clover isoflavones (Trifolium pratense) against high-fat-induced dyslipidemia in female Wistar rats. The formulations were assessed through GC-MS and HPLC-UV/Vis. Next, female Wistar rats received daily administrations of coconut oil and were treated with Ormona® SI (OSI), Ormona® RC (ORC), soybean germ (SG), simvastatin (simv.), simvastatin + Ormona® SI (simv. + OSI), or only distilled water (control). Biochemical tests were performed using the animals’ blood, and their arteries were screened for atheroma formation. The results show abnormal TC, TG, LDL, and HDL levels caused by the high-fat diet, increased glucose levels, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and atherogenesis. The nutraceuticals significantly ameliorated all conditions, with results that are similar to the group treated with simvastatin. Notably, the groups treated with either Ormona® or simvastatin + Ormona® had better liver protection than those treated only with SG or simvastatin; additionally, the nutraceuticals could prevent atherogenesis, unlike SG. The results indicate a high efficacy of the nutraceuticals in preventing dyslipidemia and its complications.
Plant-derived products may represent promising strategies in the treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). From this perspective, it is observed that the Amazon phytogeographic region contains the tribe Canarieae of the Burseraceae family, composed of trees and shrubs supplied with resin channels. Its uses in folk medicine are related to aromatic properties, which have numerous medicinal applications and are present in reports from traditional peoples, sometimes as the only therapeutic resource. Despite its economic and pharmacological importance in the region, and although the family is distributed in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world, most of the scientific information available is limited to Asian and African species. Therefore, the present work aimed to review the secondary metabolites with possible pharmacological potential of the species Trattinnickia rhoifolia Willd, popularly known as “Breu sucuruba”. To this end, an identification key was created for chemical compounds with greater occurrence in the literature of the genus Trattinnickia. The most evident therapeutic activities in the consulted studies were antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, anesthetic and antiparasitic. An expressive chemical and pharmacological relevance of the species was identified, although its potential is insufficiently explored, mainly in the face of the NTDs present in the Brazilian Amazon.
The Licania macrophylla Benth species, popularly known as "anauerá", "anuera", "anoerá", "ana-wyra" and "wayãpi", is widely found in the Amazon. Here, riverine communities use different parts of the plant for the treatment of amoebiasis, dysenteric disorders, wound healing and anti-inflammatory actions. The present study aims to investigate the gastroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of L. macrophylla stem bark in experimental animals. For this purpose, different experimental models for gastric ulcer induction were performed, such as absolute ethanol (99.5%), acidified ethanol (60%/0.3M HCl), and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug model (indomethacin). In this study, 25-30g female Swiss mice were used for the absolute and acidified ethanol experimental models, and 200-300g female Wistar rats were used for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug model. Each experimental model was divided into groups of five (5) animals for each tested dose of L. macrophylla extract (100, 250 and 625 mg/kg), as well as for the negative (vehicle) and positive (carbenoxolone) control groups. All administrations were performed orally, with a volume ratio of a maximum of 10 ml/kg body weight for mice and 100 ml/kg for rats. After each experiment, stomachs were evaluated to determine the following parameters: total lesion area, ulcer percentage, ulcerative lesion index, cure percentage. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett post-test, considering significant values when p<0.05. The ethanolic extract of L. macrophylla showed gastroprotective effect against gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol, significantly reducing the established parameters (250 and 625 mg/kg), promoting a cure rate of 53.76±5.71% and 84.15±1.89%, respectively. For the experimental protocol performed with acidified ethanol the results showed that the animals treated with the L. macrophylla ethanolic extract at the doses of 250 and 625 mg/kg, lesions decreased significantly when analyzing the established parameters, obtaining as a cure percentage of 52.34±4.83% and 83.86±2.46%, respectively. The ethanolic extract of L. macrophylla in the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory gastric lesion induction model was able to significantly reduce lesions for all doses tested (100, 250 and 625 mg/kg) in the established parameters, with a cure percentage (%) of 84.46±1.33%, 75.00±3.71% and 72.27±2.06%, respectively. In conclusion, L. macrophylla extract demonstrates antiulcerogenic activity in the acid and absolute ethanol induction models, as well as in the ulcer model induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with significant gastroprotective activity.
The leaves and stems of Bauhinia guianensis Aubl. are used in traditional Amazonian phytotherapy for the treatment of pain and inflammation. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of hydroethanolic extracts from B. guianensis Aubl. leaves and stems (HELBg and HESBg, respectively) in in vivo models of inflammation and hyperalgesia. Danio rerio experimental animals were submitted to the acute inflammation test, induced by intraperitoneal (ip.) administration of carrageenan 20 μg / animal (abdominal edema), the groups were previously treated orally with saline solution 2 μl / animal (SS), Dimethyl sulfoxide 2 μl / animal (DMSO), Indomethacin 10 mg/Kg, HELBg 100 mg/Kg and HESBg 100 mg/Kg, n = 12 per experimental group, to evaluate inhibition of edema and alterations histopathology of the liver, intestine and kidney of these animals. The antinociceptive effect was observed from the body curvature index and the behavioral responses of Danio rerio, after an experimental protocol for the induction of hyperalgesia, by ip administration. of 10 μl / animal of 2.5% acetic acid, the animals were previously orally treated with saline solution 2 μl/animal (SS), dimethyl sulfoxide 2 μl/animal (DMSO), morphine 2.5 mg/Kg, HELBg 100 mg/Kg and HESBg 100 mg/Kg, n = 5 per experimental group. In carrageenan-induced edema, the group treated with HESBg inhibited edema formation over the 3 hours of the experiment. Maximum edema was inhibited by 54% (p &lt; 0.05) when compared to the control group. Both HELBg and HESBg prevented body curvature index changes (t (df = 3 8) =, 6.96 and t (df = 3, 8) = 6.61, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0001). In the behavioral parameters sensitive to antinociceptive pharmacological modulation, due to the abdominal constriction induced by acetic acid, the administration of HELBg and HESBg resulted in an improvement in swimming activity, by increasing the distance covered (F (df = 3, 16) = 6.50 and F (df = 3, 16)  = 7.72, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0001), decrease in freezing time (F (df = 3, 16)  = 2.04 and F (df = 3, 16)  = 1.28, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0059), increase in the number of ascents to the upper area of the tank (F (df = 3, 16)  = 33.02 and F (df = 3, 16)  = 35.62, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0009 ) and decreased time spent in that area (F (df = 3, 16)  = 101.19 and F (df = 3, 16)  = 103.59, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0038). It is reasonable to suppose that both extracts modulated the variations induced by carrageenan and acetic acid through the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, decreasing the release of inflammatory mediators and the sensitization of peripheral nociceptors and, consequently, the perception of pain. These results suggest that HELBg and HESBg have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, probably of peripheral origin and linked to the inhibition of prosta-glandin biosynthesis
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