Abstract

BackgroundGestation is a period that can positively or negatively influence the life of a woman in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. Thus, evaluating the quality of life of this population can redirect the implementation of innovative practices, with the goal of making them more effective and practical or the promotion of humanized care. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictors that influence the health-related quality of life of low-risk pregnant women, as well as to describe the main areas affected in the quality of life of pregnant women.MethodsA correlational, quantitative and cross-sectional study was carried out in two public units that provide prenatal care services and a private unit in the city of Fortaleza, a municipality in the Northeast of Brazil. The sample consisted of 261 pregnant women who were interviewed from September to November 2014. The collection instruments were a questionnaire covering sociodemographic, obstetric and quality of life variables, in addition to the Brazilian version of the Mother-Generated Index (MGI). The data were compiled and analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0. A descriptive analysis was performed through the application of Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and one-way ANOVA. Maternal predictors for the quality of life of pregnant woman were identified through a multivariate analysis/multiple regression.ResultsThe response rate was 100%, corresponding to 261 respondents. Occupation, parity, partner support, marital status and persons with whom the women live were the predictors that positively interfered in the quality of life of pregnant women. In contrast, gestational age, type of housing, occupation, use of illicit drugs, non-receipt of partner support and maternal age were the predictors that negatively influenced quality of life.ConclusionOur results indicate that happiness to become a mother and body image were areas with the greatest positive and negative influence on health-related quality of life, which suggests being relevant aspects in the planning and implementation of actions aimed at its improvement.

Objective: to highlight the methodological approach used in thesis/dissertations for constructing and validating protocols in the Nursing area.Method: a literature review was performed online at the Library of the Center for Study and Research in Nursing, and at the Thesis Databank of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. Eight theses and 16 dissertations were included in the final sample.Results: it was found that the most common steps in constructing protocols were reviewing the scientific literature and using professionals to assist in this process. In studies related to protocol validation, the presence of groups of specialists/judges on the subject matter ranging from three to 16 in quantity was found, with the majority presenting up to ten judges. Regarding analysis of the validation process, we noticed a higher prevalence of agreement between the judges and the Content Validity Index. Resultados: se verificó que los pasos más comunes en los protocolos de construcción fueron la revisión de la literatura científica y el uso de los profesionales para ayudar en este proceso. Sin embargo, en los estudios relacionados con los protocolos de validación, se constató la presencia de grupos de expertos/jueces en la temática, que van de tres a 16 en cantidad, y la mayoría presentaron hasta diez jueces. El análisis del proceso de validación, se verificó una mayor prevalencia de concordancia entre los jueces y del índice de validez de contenido. ConclusionConclusión: el desarrollo de estas tecnologías se constituye en un escenario complejo y multifacético, adaptado a las expectativas y objetivos de los investigadores.

Objective:to test the effects of behavioral and educational intervention by telephone on adherence of women with inappropriate periodicity to colpocytological examination. Method:quasi-experimental study with a sample of 524 women, selected with the following inclusion criteria: be aged between 25 and 64 years, have initiated sexual activity, have inappropriate periodicity of examination and have mobile or landline phone. The women were divided into two groups for application of behavioral and educational intervention by telephone. It was used an intervention script according to the principles of Motivational Interviewing. Results:on comparing the results before and after the behavioral and educational interventions, it was found that there was a statistically significant change (p = 0.0283) with increase of knowledge of women who participated in the educational intervention. There was no change in the attitude of women of any of the groups and there was an increase of adherence to colpocytological examination in both groups (p < 0.0001), with greater adherence of women participating in the behavioral group (66.8%). Conclusion:the behavioral and educational interventions by phone were effective in the adherence of women to colpocytological examination, representing important strategies for permanent health education and promotion of care for the prevention of cervical cancer.

Objective: To apply the "Orem's Self-care Theory" in ostomy patient care. Methods: This is a clinical study with an intestinal ostomy patient, whose illness is a consequence of the "Chagas disease". Data collection was performed during the home visits, using a form with questions referred to the Orem's presuppositions. The data were analyzed and presented according to the determining factors in self-care development. Results: Some self-care requirements were modified, such as: "Balance between loneliness and social interaction" and "Selfcare in health disorders". The home care delivered based on the support-education system allowed for the promotion of health and the patient's perception regarding the importance of self-care. Conclusion: The self-care theory allowed for appropriate care and therapeutic communication adjusted to the patient's situation. Keywords: Self-care/methods; Colostomy/nursing; Patient education RESUMO Objetivo: Aplicar a Teoria do Autocuidado de Orem na assistência a paciente portadora de estomia. Métodos: Estudo clínico realizado com paciente portadora de estomia intestinal, secundária à doença de Chagas. A coleta de dados foi obtida mediante cuidado domiciliar, usando formulário com questões referentes aos pressupostos de Orem. Para análise do discurso os dados foram apresentados de acordo com os fatores determinantes no desenvolvimento do autocuidado. Resultados: Alguns requisitos de autocuidado estavam alterados, como "Equilíbrio entre solidão e interação social" e "Autocuidado no desvio de saúde". O cuidado domiciliar baseado no sistema apoio-educação permitiu a promoção da saúde e a percepção da importância da paciente no cuidado. Conclusão: A Teoria do Autocuidado possibilitou o cuidado e a comunicação terapêutica adequando-se à situação da paciente. Descritores: Autocuidado/métodos; Colostomia/enfermagem; Educação do paciente RESUMEN Objetivo: Aplicar la teoría del autocuidado de Orem en la asistencia a paciente portadora de ostomía. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio clínico realizado con una paciente portadora de ostomía intestinal, secundaria a la enfermedad de Chagas. Los datos fueron recolectados a través del cuidado domiciliario y del uso de un formulario con preguntas referentes a las premisas de Orem. El análisis del discurso fue presentado de acuerdo con los factores determinantes en el desarrollo del autocuidado. Resultados: algunos requisitos del autocuidado estaban alterados tales como: "Equilibrio entre la soledad y la interacción social" y "Autocuidado en el desvío de la salud". El cuidado domiciliario basado en el sistema del apoyo-educación permitió la promoción de la salud y la percepción de la importancia de la paciente en el cuidado. Conclusión: La teoría del Autocuidado posibilitó el cuidado y la comunicación terapéutica adecuándose a la situación de la paciente.

Introduction: The postpartum period can have a significant physical, emotional, and social impact on the quality of a woman's life. Most postpartum research has focused on physical complications and only a few studies have specifically investigated quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore predictors affecting the quality of life of postpartum Brazilian mothers. Study Design and Methods: A cross-sectional Quality of Life survey was performed in 210 Brazilian mothers during the early postpartum period. Data were collected using an interview technique and two instruments: 1) a maternal questionnaire and the 2) Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life tool/Brazilian version. The association between maternal characteristics and quality of life in the postpartum period was investigated with bivariate and multivariable analyses. Results: Mothers who had the best Quality of Life were white, registered students, 30-40 years of age, who were married or living with a partner, and without physical complaints; in addition, they had at least an 8th grade education, more than 4 children, and had attended more than 8 prenatal visits with a nurse. The stepwise model indicated that white race (p < 0.05) and married or living with a partner (p < 0.05) were the best predictors of Quality of Life in postpartum women. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Marital status and race conditions may predict quality of life in postpartum Brazilian mothers. In addition, improved knowledge concerning the postpartum, maternal experience may help develop health interventions to enhance the quality of life of this population.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade do cuidado quanto ao processo no pré-natal de gestantes com risco habitual. Métodos Pesquisa avaliativa, realizada no período de maio de 2015 a janeiro de 2016, na Casa de Parto Natural (CPN) Lígia Barros Costa em Fortaleza, Ceará. A amostra totalizou 560 prontuários de gestantes que realizaram pré-natal na CPN. O instrumento de coleta dos dados contemplou aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e obstétricos, e indicadores de processo da assistência pré-natal. Os critérios adotados para avaliar o processo foram os indicadores de qualidade do pré-natal. Os dados foram armazenados e processados no programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 20.0. A análise utilizou a estatística descritiva. Resultados Quanto aos indicadores de qualidade do pré-natal, observou-se que 42,3% (n=237) atenderam ao número adequado de consultas, realizando sete ou mais consultas. Apenas 26,3% (n=147) iniciaram precocemente o pré-natal. Referente aos indicadores de qualidade dos procedimentos clínicos e obstétricos verificou-se que 55% (n=309) estava adequado. Quando analisados os indicadores de qualidade referentes aos exames laboratoriais, apenas 25,4% (n=142) estavam adequados. Conclusão Conclui-se que a qualidade do pré-natal é adequada na minoria da população estudada, devendo existir maior atenção de gestores e profissionais para o planejamento de ações em prol da melhoria dos indicadores relacionados aos números de consultas, início precoce do pré-natal, procedimentos clínicos e obstétricos e realização dos exames laboratoriais.

Estudo reflexivo acerca das políticas públicas de saúde da mulher, notadamente relativas às prostitutas. No início do século XX, a saúde da mulher foi incorporada às políticas nacionais, mas era limitada ao cuidado materno-infantil. Com a criação do PAISM, o foco direcionou-se à saúde da mulher. O Programa Nacional de DST/Aids foi criado para enfrentar a disseminação do HIV.A política de distribuição de preservativos promoveu maior autonomia feminina. O PNAISM surgiu para implementar os direitos humanos das mulheres. As questões de gênero, vulnerabilidade individual e educação aos pares proporcionaram maior visibilidade e poder de voz às categorias marginalizadas.Descritores: Políticas públicas; Prostituição; Formulação de políticas.Public politics of health directed to the attention to the prostitute: brief historical rescueReflective study about the public politics for women’s health, especially concerning the prostitutes. At the beginning of the XXth century, women’s health was incorporated into the major national politics, but yet limited to the maternal and child care.After the creation of the PAISM, the focus was directed to the women’s health. The National Program of STD/Aids was them created in order to face the dissemination of the HIV. The politics of condoms distribution promoted a greater female autonomy.The PNAISM came to implement the human rights of women. Issues such as gender, individual vulnerability and couples' educationprovided a greater visibility and power of speech to the marginalized categories.Descriptors: Public policies; Prostitution; Policy making.Políticas públicas de la salud dirigidas a la atención a la prostituta: breve rescate históricoEstudio reflexivo referente al público de la salud de la mujer, política relativa del notadamente a las prostitutes. Al principio del siglo XX, la salud de la mujer fue incorporada a las políticas nacionales, limitándose a la atención maternal-infantil. Con la creación del PAISM, el foco fue dirigido a la salud de la mujer. El programa nacional de DST/Sida fue creado debido a la difusión del VIH. La política de condones promovió una mayor autonomía femenina. El PNAISM surgió para poner los derechos humanos de las mujeres en ejecución.Las cuestiones del género, vulnerabilidad individual, educación a los pares proporcionaron una mayor visibilidad y energía de la voz a las categorías marginadas.Descriptores: Políticas públicas; Prostitución; Formulación de políticas.