Some molecular properties are described of Cole latent virus (CoLV), hitherto designated a tentative species of the Carlavirus genus. CoLV genomic RNA (Ribonucleic acid) of 8.3 Kb is polyadenylated. Two unencapsidated polyadenylated subgenomic RNAs (2.6 and 1.3 Kb) and three double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) (8.3, 2.6 and 1.3 Kbp), which are twice the size of the genomic and subgenomics ssRNAs, are produced in CoLV‐infected plants; two additional dsRNAs (7.2 and 6.3 Kbp) were also detected in plant extracts. By using a Carlavirus specific primer and a CoLV cDNA, a‐3′‐terminus fragment of 116 bp was amplified; it had homology with the carlaviruses Potato virus M (62%), Hop latent virus (37%) and Blueberry scorch virus (36%) but no significant homology with 11 other carlaviruses. These results support the classification of CoLV as a distinct species of the Carlavirus genus.
A virus was isolated from soybean (Glycine max) plants with symptoms of dwarfing and bud blight in Wenceslau Braz County, Paraná, Brazil. The host range and properties resembled those of Tobacco streak virus (TSV). The purified virus showed three peaks in a frozen sucrose gradient. Antiserum was produced and the virus was serologically related to TSV. Electron microscopy detected 28 nm spherical particles. Coat protein (CP) had a Mr of 29.880 Da. A fragment of 1028 nt was amplified, cloned and sequenced. One open reading frame with 717 nt was identified and associated to the CP. The CP gene shared 83% identity with the sequence of TSV CP from white clover (Trifolium repens) (GenBank CAA25133). This is the first report of the biological and molecular characterization of TSV isolated from soybeans. It is proposed that this isolate be considered a strain of TSV named TSV-BR.
Cole latent virus (CoLV), genus Carlavirus, was studied by electron microscopy and biochemical approaches with respect both to the ultrastructure of the Chenopodium quinoa infected cells and to its association with chloroplasts. The CoLV was observed to be present as scattered particles interspersed with membranous vesicles and ribosomes or as dense masses of virus particles. These virus particles reacted by immunolabelling with a polyclonal antibody to CoLV. Morphologically, chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei appeared to be unaltered by virus infection and virus particles were not detected in these organelles. However, virus particle aggregates were frequently associated with the outer membrane of chloroplasts and occasionally with peroxisomes. Chloroplasts were purified by Percoll gradient, and the coat protein and virus-associated RNAs were extracted and analyzed by Western and Northern blots respectively. Coat protein and CoLV-associated RNAs were not detected within this organelle. The results presented in this work indicate that the association CoLV/chloroplasts, observed in the ultrastructural studies, might be a casual event in the host cell, and that the virus does not replicate inside the organelle.
O presente trabalho caracteriza a região 3'-terminal do genoma de um isolado do Southern bean mosaic virus encontrado no Estado de São Paulo (SBMV-SP). O RNA foi extraído de partículas virais purificadas e submetido a RT-PCR usando oligonucleotídeos desenhados para amplificar 972 nt da região 3'-terminal do RNA viral. Foi obtido fragmento de tamanho esperado que inclui o gene da proteína capsidial e a região 3'-terminal não codificadora. O gene da proteína capsidial (ORF4) contém 801 nucleotídeos, incluindo-se o códon de terminação UGA, com seqüência deduzida de 266 aminoácidos e massa molecular estimada de 28.800 Da. Sessenta e um aminoácidos terminais da ORF2 estão sobrepostos na ORF4. O "sinal de localização nuclear", encontrado dentro do "Domínio R" na região 5'-terminal da ORF4 de alguns sobemovírus, não foi identificado no SBMV-SP. Esse dado pode explicar a ausência de partículas virais do SBMV-SP no núcleo celular. A seqüência do SBMV-SP apresentou identidade de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos de, respectivamente, 91% e 93% com o isolado "Arkansas" (SBMV-ARK) descrito nos EUA. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o SBMV-SP e o SBMV-ARK são isolados muito proximamente relacionados.
A pele sofre com a exposição ao sol, tornando necessário uso de protetor solar para evitar manchas e mesmo o câncer de pele. O presente artigo teve como objetivo investigar hábitos de exposição solar e fotoproteção entre universitários do curso de Tecnologia em Estética e Cosmética. Este curso foi escolhido inicialmente por tratar-se de parcela da população mais atenta aos efeitos do sol na saúde e estética corporal. Foram distribuídos, em sala de aula, questionários autoaplicáveis aos estudantes do 2º e 4º semestres, de instituição de ensino particular em São José do Rio Preto. A análise dos questionários identificou como perfil dos alunos, gênero feminino (100%), com média de idade de 24,8 anos, solteiras (84%). Mostraram também, que mesmo sendo um público preocupado com a saúde e cuidados corporais, o uso diário do fotoprotetor não é praticado por todos (54%). Muitos só usam durante exposição ao sol (25%), ou quando frequentam praias e piscinas (17%). A maioria não repete a aplicação do produto (64%) e a parcela que reaplica faz isto em intervalos muito espaçados, diferente do recomendado que é de 2 horas sob sol e até 3 horas em ambiente fechado. A frequência de exposição com objetivo de bronzeamento é reduzida (5%), e o tempo de exposição de até 2 horas (88%). Quando a exposição com objetivo de bronzeamento ocorre, uma parcela busca horário mais adequado -antes das 10 horas da manhã (48%) mas uma parcela significativa se expõe ao sol no período entre 10 e 15 horas (40%), que é considerado o mais prejudicial. Apesar de todos os estudantes afirmarem que tem conhecimento sobre o potencial prejuízo dos raios ultravioletas e sua associação com problemas de pele, inclusive câncer, os resultados mostraram que ainda é necessária conscientização sobre a necessidade de cuidados com a pele, a fotoexposição solar e fotoproteção na preservação da saúde.
The present work describes the identification and characterization of a potyvirus isolated from siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb.) in the north-west region of the State of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. The virus was transmitted by mechanical inoculation. Its host range was restricted mainly to members of the Fabaceae. A cDNA fragment of about 930 bp was amplified by RT⁄PCR, cloned and sequenced. The fragment, which included the coat protein gene, had amino acid identity percentages between 88 and 98% with isolates of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Phylogenetic analysis grouped the siratro potyvirus and BCMV isolates in 99% of the replicates, including Azuki mosaic virus, Dendrobium mosaic virus, Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and Peanut stripe virus, which have been classified as BCMV strains. This is the first citation on the presence of BCMV in siratro plants in Brazil.
The sequence of the central part (ORF2) of a Brazilian isolate of Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV SP ) is described. This ORF is 2888 nt long and together with the previously-sequenced 5¢ and 3¢ ends provides the complete nucleotide sequence of this virus isolate. The SBMV SP RNA encodes four overlapping open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2a, ORF2b, ORF4) and has a genome organization similar to that of the Cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus.
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