Chemical extraction of olive oil from natural and dried olive cake (obtained from Alyarmouk press, Irbid, Jordan) using organic solvents like hexane, ethanol, petroleum ether, isopropyl alcohol and carbon tetrachloride was carried out in a Soxhlet extractor. Olive cake samples were dried in an oven at 70°C and 105°C for 3.5 hours before being used in the extraction experiments. Hexane was found to be the best extracting solvent with an oil yield of 12.7%. Oil yield increased from 10% to 16% when olive cake was soaked with aqueous sodium chloride solution for 24 hours. Sorbitan monoleate surfactant enhanced the extraction of oil. Particle size of olive cake and solvent volume had significant effect on oil extraction.
Aims: To document and explore the ethnomedico botanical claims, folklore claims and dietary recipes of Cissus quadrangularis L. of Vitaceae family. Materials and methods:The study has aimed to review the 161 tribal individuals like traditional healers, tribal doctors and elder people in the field trips on their daily utilization of C. quadrangularis L. plant. The data were collected through conversation during the field trips. During the interviews, local names, useful plant parts, the method of preparation and dosage were recorded. The plants employed along C. quadrangularis L. were systematically identified by comparing with the assistance of related flora like "The Flora of Presidency of Madras" by Gamble (1936) and other related works.Results: The present study reveals 19 ethnomedical claims on C. quadrangularis L. collected from various tribal pockets of Andhra Pradesh and three dietary recipes from rural people residing in different habitats of Andhra Pradesh. Conclusion:With this investigation, it can be concluded that C. quadrangularis L. is an abundantly accessible restorative plant with an assortment of symptoms. It is utilized as a part of the bone recuperating agent in bone fractures by the tribes, conventional healers and additionally bolstered by traditional Ayurvedic literature by the name Asthishrinkhala. It is likewise a great dietary hotspot for bio calcium and bone wellbeing. Advance pharmacological, clinical and dietary investigations may divulge numerous esteems that are more helpful and exhibit as capable nourishing help in numerous more maladies including bone well being. Clinical significance:In Ayurvedic literature, it is mainly used in bone fractures, diseases of the eye, worm infestation, hemorrhoids, etc., diseases, some of the tribal claims support these indications some are unique and new like in constipation, dysmenorrhoea, etc. Along with stem some of the tribes are using its leaves, roots, etc. in different diseases. Pharmacological investigations on these claims can explore strategies for rendering new drugs to eradicate diseases clinically. Dishes prepared from C. quadrangularis L. may support as dietary supplements in clinical conditions like osteoporosis, osteopenia, etc. which needs further validation.
Yashtimadhu Churna is one of the traditional formulations used as antacid, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-stress, demulcent, antibacterial and anti-asthmatic agents. The formulation mainly contains Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract. Present study described preliminary qualitative phytochemicals analysis and chromatographic fingerprinting of Yashtimadhu Churna using HPLC and HPTLC analysis. Study also presented anti-inflammatory potential of formulation using protein denaturation method. This study helps to establish standardization parameters of Yashtimadhu Churna and also confirmed anti-inflammatory potential of formulation.
Objective:Croton tiglium seeds, known as Jamālgoṭa in Hindi, Marathi, and Urdu is well-known for its toxicity (severe purgative action). In Ayurvedic texts, the plant is known as Kumbhinī and is used for the treatment of constipation after Śodhana (detoxification process) of the seeds with Godugdha (cow milk).Material and Methods:In the present study, C. tiglium seeds were purified with cow milk as reported in Ayurvedic classics. Phorbol esters equivalent to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and crotonic acid contents were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography method in the seeds of C. tiglium before and after the purification process.Results:The content of the phorbol ester equivalent to PMA in unpurified and purified sample was found to be 5.2 mg/100 g and 1.8 mg/100 g of dried seeds of C. tiglium, respectively. The quantity of crotonic acid in unpurified seeds of C. tiglium was found to be 0.102 mg/100 g of dried seeds while it was absent in the purified seed extract of C. tiglium.Conclusion:The toxicity of C. tiglium seeds may be due to the presence of phorbol esters and crotonic acid along with other constituents. These constituents are oil soluble and may be removed by cow milk during the process of Śodhana. Reduction in the level of these constituents after the purification decreases the toxicity of C. tiglium seeds. Reduction in the oily content from the seeds of C. tiglium during the purification process is also supported by the results obtained from the physiochemical parameters.
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