The purpose of this research was to extract tea leaf phenols using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method at 3 levels of microwave power (high, medium high and medium) and investigated the influence of physco chemical properties of whey protein and gelatine biopolymer using tea leaf extract as crosslink materials at different concentration (5%, 10% and 15% (v/v)). MAE method gave significantly effect on phenolic content. High level power of MAE gave higher phenolic content of tea leaves extracts. Tea leaves extracts as crosslinked agent of biopolymer gave highly significant effect on the stability of the emulsion, the emulsion activity and foaming power. SDS-PAGE protein profile showed increase molecular weight with the addition of tea leaf extract, it can be presumed presence crosslinked both on whey protein or gelatine.

Gembili is one variety of local tubers originating in Indonesia, where its utilization is not in its most use. This tuber has bioactive compounds such as dioscorin, diosgenin, inulin and water-soluble polysaccharides that function as immunomodulators, including those which prevents metabolic diseases such as hyperglycaemia. The addition of gembili tubers in fermented milk has more value and is an alternative nutraceutical food for people who need a healthy diet because it contains probiotics and bioactive components. This study aims to determine the antihyperglycemic activity of fermented milk enriched with gembili flour in animal models. Probiotics contained in fermented milk are Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Streptococcus thermophilus. The experimental animals used in this study are healthy male white rats, not deformed, and had never been used in previous experiments. The animals in experiment were grouped into five treatment groups namely P1=negative control, P2=positive control, P3=1 ml/rat/day of fermented milk with the addition of gembili tubers, P4=2 ml/rat/day of fermented milk with the addition of gembili tubers, and P5=3 ml/rat/day of fermented milk with the addition of gembili tubers (P5). The results of this study prove that the addition of fermented milk enriched with gembili showed significant results (p<0.05) on the decrease in blood sugar levels with the highest decrease of 43.59% in the P5 group.

Edible film is potentially applied to replace non-biodegradable packaging for animal products, e.g. meat and meat products. The overall objective of this study was to observe the effect of different addition levels of modified casein hydrolysate (casein-catechin complexes) on mechanical (film thickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elasticity), chemical (moisture content, water activity, and solubility) and microstructure properties of composite edible casein film. The edible films were formulated according to different combinations of modified casein hydrolysate and casein film solution (0.50:0.25, 0.50:0.50, 0.75:0.25, and 0.75:0.50) and compared with control (without addition of modified casein). No significant effects of the treatment were found on film thickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elasticity, moisture content, water activity, and solubility of the composite edible film. However, the micrographs show that the amount of polymer was higher as the proportion of catechin was increased. In conclusion, the addition of catechin-added casein (modified casein) to casein edible film solution at up to 0.5% did not alter the mechanical properties, moisture content, water activity and solubility of the composite edible film.

Meat is one of perishable foods that should be handled hygienically to preserve its quality. Edible coating containing antibacterial agent can be used for preserving meat by providing a barrier against microbial contamination. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of edible coating made from casein-chitosan (CC) and casein-chitosan modified (CCM) on preserving the quality of meat during accelerated storage test. The coating solutions were characterized in terms of their composition (carbohydrate, protein, fat, moisture content, pH, Aw, and antioxidant capacity) in order to optimize coatings composition, then applied to the meat for accelerated storage test for 24, 120, 216, and 312 h at 7°C. The carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, moisture content, pH, aw, and antioxidant capacity of CCM edible coating were different with those of CC edible coating. CCM edible coating showed better antioxidant effect than CC but showed comparable antimicrobial capacity in meat during accelerated storage. Therefore, CCM edible coating could be used to preserve meat.

This study aimed to determine the best technique of application of edible coatings (spraying, spreading, or dipping) on beef carried out sensory quality, then performed in coated to physicochemical analyses (pH, moisture content, WHC, cooking loss, and color). This study aimed to determine the best technique of application of edible coatings (spraying, spreading, or dipping) on beef carried out sensory quality, then performed in coated to physicochemical analyses (pH, moisture content, WHC, cooking loss, and color). The beef was coated with different coating techniques spraying, brushing, and dipping then stored at 27°C for 8 hours. At the end of the storage period, the treatments exhibited the best sensory analyses (texture surface and under, odor, physical deviation, and discoloration). The best sensory analysis is the spraying of coatings technique is spraying. The results that the application of the edible coatings technique on beef maintaining the best physicochemical quality are pH 5,59; the moisture content of 68,26%; WHC of 43,71%; cooking loss of 34,28%; and color indicated by L*, a*, and b*.

Hypercholesterolemia is a disease that is indicated by the increasing level of cholesterol in the body and also as one of the factors causing cardiovascular disease. An alternative that can be done to prevent hypercholesterolemia is by consuming fermented milk. Skim milk is fermented using probiotic of Lactobacillus acidophillus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Streptococcus thermophilus. The skimmed milk that has been fermented is then tested for total lactic acid bacteria, total acid, pH, and in vivo analysis for antihypercholesterolemia activity using animal model. In this study, the animal models used were male white rats which were grouped into three treatment groups, namely negative control, positive control, and fermented milk group. The result of the study shows that the total lactic acid bacteria, total acid and pH of fermented skim milk were 5.25 x10 9 CFU/mL; 2.190% and pH 4.06, respectively. From the results, fermented milk with probiotics has the ability to reduce cholesterol levels in the blood of male white rats effectively in vivo.

Meniran is an Indonesian herbal plant which has health benefits due to its bioactive compounds. It can be applied to food product, whey protein isolate, were easily absorbed for body. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of meniran extract addition to nano whey protein isolate on viscosity, foam overrun, foam stability and foam’s microscopic. Data collection method was laboratory experiment with 4 treatments of different meniran extract addition levels which consisted of P0 (without meniran extract), P1 (30 ug/mL), P2 (60 ug/mL) and P3 (90 ug/mL) which repeated 3 replications respectively. Experiment was designed by Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there were significantly differences, it would be continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that meniran extract addition to nano whey protein isolate gave significant effect (P<0.05) on viscosity. However, there was no effect on foam overrun and stability. It is concluded that the addition of meniran extract P3 (90 ug/mL) to nano whey protein isolate resulted in viscosity and foam’s microscopic (stable, uniform and thick).

Whey protein (WP) is a good encapsulating material of food applications and can act as a delivery vehicle for bioactive compounds, including xanthone. The objective of this research is to analyze the interaction of WP with xanthone using molecular modeling and investigate the effect of whey protein at different concentration of xanthone (0.025%; 0.05% and 0.1% (v/v) ) on emulsion stability, antioxidant, and chemical structure by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared). Each treatment was replicated four times. The docking studies were performed with Programme Autodock Vina PyRx 0.8. Molecular docking studies revealed that interaction of xanthone and whey protein are stabilized by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction, and van der walls bond. The different concentrations of xanthone gave a highly significant effect on emulsion stability and didn’t give a significant difference between the three treatments on antioxidant activity. FTIR result showed that wave numbers 690-900 and 3010-3100 cm-1 indicate the presence of CH groups and 1500-1600 cm-1 which may indicate the presence of C = C aromatic ring groups, respectively. The highest emulsion stability was at 0.1% with 99.23%. The highest antioxidant was at 0.1% with 86.40%.