Proteases are class of proteolytic enzymes that accounts for approximately 45% of the total enzyme sales in various pharmaceuticals industrial ranging from potential agent for curing AIDS, treatments of inflammation and virulent wounds, and remodelling of various proteins. Protease has a great boon in food industry, leather industry, and biomining of metals like silver from ores along with bioremediation activity of waste. Microbes serve as a preferred source for proteases and major the contributor to this is derived from Bacillus strains. Bacillus subtilis belongs to this class is the major producer of proteases enzyme commercially. The major issue being the high cost of substrate that makes the overall production cost highly expensive. An attempt was made to formulate media using varied carbon sources to optimize media to maximize the production of proteases. Lactose was found to be an ideal carbon source among the selected carbon sources that yielded maximum biomass of 160 mg/ml. Sucrose with a yield of 132.5 mg/ml and glycerol 129.3 mg/ml which was comparatively less then lactose while the other carbon sources like maltose, glucose, cellulose, starch were found to be poor in comparison to lactose.
Vigna radiata (Mung bean) is one of the major pulse crop cultivated in Madhya Pradesh. Endophytic bacteria are endosymbiotic and offer benefits to host plant. A total of 25 endophytic bacteria were isolated from roots nodules of Vigna radiata from Misrod District Bhopal, M.P during summer season. These were assessed for plant growth promoting traits. Among all the endophytes 72% of the isolates were positive for IAA ptoduction ranging from 1.02-44.24 μg/ml. Siderophore production ranged between 0.09 to 5.22 mg/ml with 60% of the isolates as positive. 36% of the bacterial endophytes were positive for Phosphate solubilisation and ammonia production. ACC deaminase activity and HCN production was observed by 52 % of the isolates. 32% of the endophytes showed antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogens. Isolate VRN 7, VRN10 and VRN 15 showed antagonistic activity against all the tested fungal pathogens. The bacterial endophytes possessed multiple growth promoting traits along with resistance to varying temperature, pH and salinity conditions thus ideal for use in field for desired yield.
Proteases is among the largest groups of industrial enzymes that also has the potential to contribute in the development of high value added products due to their characteristic nature that aids in digestion. Protease account for about 60% of the total worldwide sale of enzymes and is widely used in several industries ranging from silk industry, leather tanning, meat processing, organic fertilizers, diary and bioleaching. Bacteria produce a variety of proteolytic enzymes. Among them a major contributor of proteases producers is Bacillus subtilis. An attempt was made to formulate media using varied nitrogen sources to optimize media for maximum production of proteases. It was observed that media supplemented with soya meal as a nitrogen source had maximum biomass yield of 135 mg/ml while Tryptone supplemented media yielded 115.6 mg/ml and peptone supplemented media yielded only 101 mg/ml which was comparatively less than soya meal while the other nitrogen sources supplemented media were found to be poor in comparison to that supplemented by soya meal extract.
Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. is high on demand yet on verge of extinction as it multipurpose medicinal plant that makes it important to propagate and preserve. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid shoots regeneration technique using growth regulators at varied combinations using mature nodal explants of Gymnema sylvestre, on MS media using combinations of auxin and cytokinins namely 6-Benzylaminopurein, Kinetin and Indole-3-acetic acid Maximum proliferation and elongation of shoot occurred using combination of 1.0K: 0.2 IAA: 0.5BAP.
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