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Hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) owing to its excellent nutritional and pharmaceutical potential has resurrected the industrial and scientific community to exploit their processing and utilize for new food products optimization. The design and development of storage, postharvest processing and quality analysis of seeds depend upon the correlation properties with their physical parameters. In this study, the mass of hempseed is predicted as a function of its linear dimensional property, projected area and bulk seed density using linear and nonlinear mathematical models. Various engineering properties of different hempseed grades were investigated at a moisture content of 6.49% (wet basis). The effect of size and density-based grading was also studied on mass modeling and was compared with ungraded hempseed. Results revealed that the mass models developed using graded seeds had more appropriate results (higher R 2 ) than the ungraded ones. Models based on minor dimension (R 2 0.939) and third projected area (R 2 0.914) within a 5% level of significance were recommended from an economic standpoint to predict hempseed mass with maximum accuracy. Therefore, bulk mass modeling of hempseed based on engineering properties is strongly recommended for the design and development of grading mechanisms. Practical ApplicationThe growing demands for plant-based protein and bioactive phytochemicals have directed the agriculture-based industries towards non-traditional food sources like hempseed. However, its richer protein and a blend of sensitive bioactive components demand a critical storage and processing unit. Mass is one of the important physical aspects needed for the design of various storage and processing units. Determining the mass of small grains that are almost unique in size and structure is a challenging task. In recent years, mass modeling based on physical dimension has been increasingly used for various fruits like kinnow mandarin, pomegranate, and lime fruits; therefore, we decided to test the applicability and accuracy of the same technique, along with examining the effect of grading, for mass modeling of hempseed for the first time. Various hempseed processing operations including dehulling, require crucial information about the bulk seed behavior and their correlation with their ABBREVIATIONS: a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 , regression coefficients; L, length (mm); W, width (mm); T, thickness (mm); D g , geometric mean diameter (mm); S p , sphericity; V, volume (mm 3 ); S, surface area (mm 2 ); ρ b , bulk density (g cm À3 ); ρ t , true density (g cm À3 ); ε, porosity; TKW, thousand kernel weight (g); PA1, first projected area (mm 2 ); PA2, second projected area (mm 2 ); PA3, third projected area (mm 2 ); CPA, criteria projected area (mm 2 ); R 2 , coefficient of determination; RMSE, root-mean-square error; χ 2 , chi-square.

Asian countries, despite being the largest producers and yielding a significant proportion of the world’s rice, have poor disposal facilities for the harvested rice straw (stubble). Due to higher costs in their handling relative to their value, local farmers prefer the burning of stubble fields, thus creating environmental problems. Even though the government has taken initiatives, no effective solution has been discovered to handle this large agro-waste problem efficiently. In this regard, the utilization of rice straw to develop nanocellulose (NC) products is of interest. Renewability and biodegradability, along with suitable mechanical and thermal properties required for the packaging functions, are key advantages of NC. The bio-nanocomposites prepared using NC and other bio-based polymers are also being widely considered for sustainable food packaging applications due to the reinforcement provided by NC and alternative petroleum-based packaging materials. This review provides an overview of process utilization for preparing NC products using rice straw, pulping methods, and isolation to produce bio-nanocomposites for sustainable food packaging applications. The challenges and future aspects covering the utilization of rice straw for producing NC and eventually producing active packaging materials are also discussed.

To assess the efficient storage and processing yields, simultaneously reducing the qualitative and quantitative losses from wheat grains, it is necessary to consider and study their engineering properties. The present study was conducted to determine the moisture‐induced changes in the engineering properties and debranning characteristics of colored wheat varieties. Wheat was tempered to three moisture levels (12%, 14%, and 16%), and parameters were recorded using standard techniques and methods. Engineering properties such as bulk density, true density, porosity, and grain hardness decreased; the angle of repose, coefficient of external friction, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter increased, while the coloring properties (chroma and hue angle) varied erratically with the increase in moisture content. Debranning characteristics also showed a positive correlation with moisture content. Practical applications The engineering properties and debranning characteristics of cereal grains are essential to design new equipment or to upgrade an existing one for their cleaning, grading, sorting, separation, material handling, storage, and milling. The present research provides a database needed for the design and development of purple wheat storage and processing equipment. It thoroughly discusses the impact of moisture levels on the engineering properties and debranning characteristics; the machinery that can be used by the farmers and processors to extract bran which can further be used to extract color rich in anthocyanins.