Hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) bulk mass modeling based on engineering properties

Abstract

Hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) owing to its excellent nutritional and pharmaceutical potential has resurrected the industrial and scientific community to exploit their processing and utilize for new food products optimization. The design and development of storage, postharvest processing and quality analysis of seeds depend upon the correlation properties with their physical parameters. In this study, the mass of hempseed is predicted as a function of its linear dimensional property, projected area and bulk seed density using linear and nonlinear mathematical models. Various engineering properties of different hempseed grades were investigated at a moisture content of 6.49% (wet basis). The effect of size and density-based grading was also studied on mass modeling and was compared with ungraded hempseed. Results revealed that the mass models developed using graded seeds had more appropriate results (higher R 2 ) than the ungraded ones. Models based on minor dimension (R 2 0.939) and third projected area (R 2 0.914) within a 5% level of significance were recommended from an economic standpoint to predict hempseed mass with maximum accuracy. Therefore, bulk mass modeling of hempseed based on engineering properties is strongly recommended for the design and development of grading mechanisms. Practical ApplicationThe growing demands for plant-based protein and bioactive phytochemicals have directed the agriculture-based industries towards non-traditional food sources like hempseed. However, its richer protein and a blend of sensitive bioactive components demand a critical storage and processing unit. Mass is one of the important physical aspects needed for the design of various storage and processing units. Determining the mass of small grains that are almost unique in size and structure is a challenging task. In recent years, mass modeling based on physical dimension has been increasingly used for various fruits like kinnow mandarin, pomegranate, and lime fruits; therefore, we decided to test the applicability and accuracy of the same technique, along with examining the effect of grading, for mass modeling of hempseed for the first time. Various hempseed processing operations including dehulling, require crucial information about the bulk seed behavior and their correlation with their ABBREVIATIONS: a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 , regression coefficients; L, length (mm); W, width (mm); T, thickness (mm); D g , geometric mean diameter (mm); S p , sphericity; V, volume (mm 3 ); S, surface area (mm 2 ); ρ b , bulk density (g cm À3 ); ρ t , true density (g cm À3 ); ε, porosity; TKW, thousand kernel weight (g); PA1, first projected area (mm 2 ); PA2, second projected area (mm 2 ); PA3, third projected area (mm 2 ); CPA, criteria projected area (mm 2 ); R 2 , coefficient of determination; RMSE, root-mean-square error; χ 2 , chi-square.

Analysis of engineering properties, milling characteristics, antioxidant potential, and nutritional benefits of purple wheat and its bran

“…The obtained bulk and true density values were used to determine the porosity (ε, %) of moist grain samples. Geometric properties of the grains were determined from their linear dimensions, including the geometric mean diameter ( D g , mm), sphericity ( S p ), volume ( V , mm 3 ), and surface area ( S , mm 2 ), as described by (Ramashia et al, 2018; Saini, Panghal, et al, 2022) and expressed using Equations (1–4). The tempered grain hardness ( H g ) was measured using a hardness tester (Hicon Industries), and the results were reported as kg in terms of breaking force.…”

“…Additionally, it seeks to explore the nutritional and antioxidant parameters of purple wheat flour and pearled bran, with a specific focus on the impact of debranning. By examining the engineering and milling properties at different moisture levels, important information can be acquired for ensuring the development of specialized processing instruments and techniques, tailored to colored wheat (Saini, Panghal, et al, 2022). Additionally, the nutritional evaluation will shed light on the potential applications of purple wheat in food commerce, highlighting its nutritional and antioxidant qualities.…”

Physicochemical Characterisation of Seeds, Oil and Defatted Cake of Three Hempseed Varieties Cultivated in Spain

“…Taheri-Garavand et al ( 2012) [42] also reported hempseed BD and TD in a slightly different range (BD: 563.67-556.23 kg/m 3 and TD: 1034.63-902.35 kg/m 3 ) compared to those obtained in this study. Several authors indicate that the observed differences in the physical properties of different seed grades are attributed to underlying structural variations and inherent morphological differences [44]. Both density and particle size are important indexes for estimating the quality of hempseeds as a food material.…”

Mathematical Model on the Control/Eradication of the Consumption of Cannabis sativa in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

“…Toben et al [11] looked at the implementation of mathematical models to predict new Cannabis use by urine drug testing: it is time to move forward, while Abramson et al [12] considered the importance of mathematical models to explore the effects of marijuana and other plant based products on learning and memory in their respective study. Saini et al [13] discussed a topic entitled 'Hempseed (Cannabis sativa L) bulk mass modelling based on engineering properties in their study'. The present study is based on a mathematical model on control/eradication of consumption of Cannabis sativa.…”