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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Silver nanoparticle immobilized Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT/Ag) fillers on physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of novel experimental dental resin composite in order to compare with the properties of corresponding composites containing conventional glass fillers. Methods: Dental resin (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA with ratio 70/30) composites were prepared by incorporation of varied mass fraction of HNT/Ag. Experimental composites were divided into six groups, one control group and five experimental groups containing mass fraction 1 to 10.0 wt. % of HNT/Ag. Mechanical properties of the dental composites were recorded. Degree of conversion and depth of cure of the dental resin composites were assessed. Antimicrobial properties were assessed using agar diffusion test and evaluation of cytotoxicity were performed on NIH-3T3 cell line. Results: The inclusion of mass fractions (1-5 wt. %) of the HNT/Ag in dental resins composites, significantly improved mechanical properties. While, addition of larger mass fractions (7.5 and 10 wt. %) of the HNT/Ag did not show further improvement in the mechanical properties of dental resins composites. Theses composites also demonstrated satisfactory depth of cure and degree of conversion. A significant antibacterial activity was observed on S. mutans. No significant cytotoxicity was found on NIH-3T3 cell lines. Conclusion: The incorporation of HNT/Ag in Bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental resins composites resulted in enhancement in mechanical as well as biological properties for dental applications. Clinical significance: HNT/Ag containing dental composite is proposed to be highly valuable in the development of restorative dental material for patients with high risk of dental caries.

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Nanomaterials have unique and superior properties such as high surface area and nanoscale size, makes them highly advanced and vital for rapid diagnosis and beneficial in treatment of numerous diseases in health sector. Joint efforts from multiple disciplines have contributed to the developments of advanced nanomaterials and enabled their uses in dentistry. These advanced nanomaterials can give more promising results in diagnosis and treatment procedures compared to their conventional counterparts. This review outlines the nanomaterials available and used in dentistry and will further go into discussing the shapes and compositions of various nanomaterials relevant to dentistry. Incorporating nanoparticles in dental restorative materials can be useful for preventing and/or managing dental caries. Integrating the sciences of nanomaterials and biotechnology, nanomaterials could potentially be revolutionary in improving oral health by providing preventative and diagnostic measures; they could also have effects on repairing damaged dental tissue.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Chlorhexidine-loaded Halloysite nanotubes (HNT/CHX) fillers (diverse mass fractions from 1 to 10 wt.%) on physicochemical, morphological and biological properties of newly developed experimental dental resin composite, in order to compare with the properties of composites composed of conventional glass fillers. Methods: The dental resin composites were prepared by incorporating various proportions of HNT/CHX. Six different groups of specimens: control group and five groups composed of varied mass fractions of HNT/CHX (e.g., 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 wt.%) as fillers in each group were fabricated. Mechanical properties of the composites were monitored, using UTM. The degree of conversion of dental resin composites and their depth of cure were also evaluated. Antimicrobial properties of dental composites were studied in vitro by applying agar diffusion test on strain Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity were studied using NIH-3T3 cell line. Results: The incorporation of varied mass fractions (1.0 to 5.0 wt.%) of HNT/CHX in dental resins composites enhanced mechanical properties considerably with significant antibacterial activity. The slight decrease in curing depth and degree of conversion values of composites indicates its durability. No cytotoxicity was noticed on NIH-3T3 cell lines. Significance: Consistent distribution of HNT/CHX as a filler into dental composites could substantially improve not only mechanical properties but also biological properties of dental composites.

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