Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF), or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function in which the body’s ability to maintain metabolic and fluid and electrolyte balance fails, resulting in the development of clinical symptoms like uraemia or azotemia. Thyroid hormones have an important role in regulating metabolism, development of the kidney, maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis, protein synthesis and influencing other hormone function. Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) are the two main hormones produced by the thyroid. The patients with chronic renal failure often exhibit clinical features and laboratory findings which are indicative of thyroid dysfunction, since, kidney is involved in the metabolism and elimination of TH.Methods: This was a cross sectional single centre descriptive study, including 50 patients of either gender between the age of 45-70 years.Results: Present study found a significant positive correlation between the TSH levels and Zulewski score in patients with CRF.Conclusions: Since there was found to be a correlation between the TSH levels and Zulewski score, the evaluation of symptoms and signs with Zulewski score in addition to thyroid function testing in patients with thyroid dysfunction is essential, since it can be a marker for CRF.
INTRODUCTIONInferior myocardial infarctions account for 40 to 50 % of all acute myocardial infarctions and are generally viewed as having a more favourable prognosis than anterior wall infarctions.1-3 Nearly 50% of patients suffering from inferior wall myocardial infarction, usually experience hemodynamic and bradycardiac complications.1 Anterior wall myocardial infarction invariably occurred by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery.However inferior wall myocardial infarction can result from occlusion of either the right coronary artery or left circumflex coronary artery. 4 Right ventricular myocardial
ABSTRACTBackground: Inferior myocardial infarctions account for 40 to 50% of all acute myocardial infarctions and are generally viewed as having a more favorable prognosis than anterior wall infarctions. The management, and in some instances, prevention of these complications, may be facilitated by early differentiation between AMI caused by RCA versus left circumflex coronary artery occlusion. These can be diagnosed from the electrocardiography (ECG) which remains a valuable and most widely used rational modality to diagnose and risk stratifying in an acute setting. The present study helps in Electrocardiographic differentiation between right coronary and the left circumflex coronary arterial occlusion in isolated inferior wall myocardial infarction.
Results:Out of 52 patients of acute inferior wall myocardial infraction, 41 were males and 11 were females. Thus the male to female ratio is 3.72:1. In the above table, the ST segment elevation in lead III was more than lead ii in42 patients. All these 42 patients were found to have RCA as the culprit vessel. The St Segment elevation in lead II was more than lead III in 9 patients. All these 9 patients were found to have LCx as the culprit vessel.
Conclusions:The incidence of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction is highest in age group of 50 to 59 years. The ST segment elevation in acute isolated inferior wall myocardial infarction was greater in lead III than in lead II when right coronary artery was the culprit vessel and vice versa when the left circumflex coronary artery was the culprit vessel. ST segment depression in lead I was common when the right coronary artery was the culprit vessel and not seen with left circumflex coronary artery occlusion. An upright T wave in lead V4R in acute isolated inferior wall myocardial infarction was common when the right coronary artery was the culprit vessel and not seen with left circumflex coronary artery occlusion.
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