The corrosion of iron structures gives rise to serious safety, environmental pollution, and economic issues. However, current technologies are neither efficient to impede the corrosion completely nor effective in the recycling of waste iron rust. To best recycle of waste iron rust, we report a simple, cost-free, and sustainable strategy to exploit iron rust as a Feprecursor for the synthesis of magnetic Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (NPs) via simple grinding and calcination process. The process efficiently transforms bulky iron rust into ferromagnetic Fe 2 O 3 NPs, which exist in both α and γ phases. Synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometer. We also explored the catalytic ability of rust-derived Fe 2 O 3 as a low-cost material for the fabrication of magnetically separable g-C 3 N 4 −Fe 2 O 3 composite as a photocatalyst. It is interesting to find that the g-C 3 N 4 −Fe 2 O 3 composite exhibited superior photocatalytic activity than that of individual g-C 3 N 4 and Fe 2 O 3 under sunlight toward Methyl Orange and Textile Effluent. Moreover, the g-C 3 N 4 −Fe 2 O 3 composite exhibited excellent reusability without loss of photocatalytic activity after successive five runs, and more importantly, photocatalyst could be recovered magnetically. The histological studies on the gills of freshwater fish Tilapia revealed that toxic dye solution induced damage to secondary gill lamellae, whereas the photodegraded products were found to less toxic and did not cause any structural alteration in the gill architecture. This innovative process of waste recycling offers a cost-free and large-scale approach to transform waste iron rust into magnetically separable Fe-based photocatalyst for environmental remediation. KEYWORDS: corrosion, iron rust, magnetic Fe 2 O 3 , g-C 3 N 4 −Fe 2 O 3 , photocatalyst, heterojunction, photodegradation

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Graphical representation of the binding of CURNPs to Cu2+(fluorescence off) and release of CURNPs (fluorescence on) by the reaction of S2−with copper bound to CURNPs.

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New derivatives of tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin were designed, synthesized and characterized by IR, proton NMR and mass spectroscopy. The ground and excited state nature of new derivatives were examined using UV-Vis. absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime studies. The singlet oxygen quantum yield of each synthesized derivative of porphyrin was estimated for their further efficacy as potential photosensitizer in biological studies. The significant photophysical data of all synthesized derivatives was supplementary accessed to examine the cell imaging and cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines viz. MBA-MD-231 and A375. The fluorescence lifetime, fluorescence quantum yield and efficiency of singlet oxygen generation suggests alkyl amine and alkyl hydrazide linked new porphyrin photosensitizers can be useful for PDT agent in cancer treatment.

CTAB-PNPs are bound to dichromate ion by electrostatic interaction to form stable non-fluorescent micellar complex which is responsible for the ‘FL quenching’ of CTAB-PNPs.

The hydrophobic force of interaction between R6G and SDS stabilized PyNPs involving FRET was demonstrated by measuring fluorescence of nanoparticles as a function of concentration of R6G.