Three-dimensional SiC ceramic microstructures with near-zero shrinkage were fabricated from a simple inorganic polymer mixture by inducing dual photocuring routes to produce highly dense polymer features by stereolithography and subsequent pyrolysis at 600 degrees C.
Silver (Ag)-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) agglomerates containing 0.15%, 1.5% and 4.3% mole % of silver among total cations, respectively, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo to explore their potential application as a bone filler with antibacterial properties. The 0.15% Ag-doped HAp was mildly cytotoxic, whereas the 1.5% and 4.3% Ag-doped HAps were moderately cytotoxic in the standard agar overlay cytotoxicity assay. The in vivo test was carried out by implanting Ag-HAps in artificial bone defects at the periapical area of both mandibular 1 st molar of rats and no remarkable cytotoxicity was found unlike what was observed in the in vitro data. All of the implanted Ag-doped HAp particles, regardless of their Ag contents, allowed appropriated cellular proliferation and favorable bone repair without remarkable inflammatory reaction through 3 week healing periods, in spite of the mild delay in organization of fibrin and inflammatory reaction with the 4.3% Ag-doped HAp at the early healing phase. They supported well new bone formation with osteointegrative and osteoconductive properties. The results suggest that HAps doped with Ag up to 4.3 % of total cations can be applied for repair of infection-associated bony defects.
To improve the efficiency of osteogenic repair, we developed macroporous biphasic HA-TCP ceramic as a bone substitute and evaluated its efficiency by evaluation of cellular toxicity, cellular attachment and proliferation rate, and osteogenic supportive effect. The biphasic hydroxyapatite (HA)-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic with macroporous structure has excellent biocompatibility and allows for favorable cellular attachment with acceleration of cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation support as well. Our data suggest that the macroporous biphasic HA-TCP ceramic can be a promising scaffold for scaffold-guided tissue regeneration technology, which has the potential to maximize the repair of large bone defects.
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