Aim
The main aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a nurse‐led lifestyle‐related risk factor modification intervention on multiple lifestyle behaviours among coronary artery disease patients over six months.
Design
A pre‐test post‐test control group design was conducted in a single clinical centre in Nepal.
Methods
A total of 224 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the usual care group or the intervention group at baseline. The lifestyle intervention consisted of a brief counselling session supplemented with informational leaflets. Standard questionnaires were used to collect self‐reported data from patients on multiple lifestyle behaviours: diet, physical activity, adherence to medication, stress, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. General linear model repeated measure analysis was used to estimate the effect of intervention.
Results
A statistically significant effect of study group‐by‐time interaction for diet, adherence to medication, physical activity, and perceived stress was found at 6‐month follow‐up. Overall, greater improvement in lifestyle habits was found in the intervention group compared with the control group at 6‐month follow‐up.
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death and morbidity globally. South Asia, including Nepal, has higher risks for CAD due to relatively higher exposures to risk factors. This study evaluated the prevalence of lifestyle‐related risk factors and the associations of risk factors with socio‐demographic variables among CAD patients.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted among CAD patients (n = 224) admitted to a national heart centre in Nepal. Data on dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, physical activity, overweight or obesity and adherence to medication were collected using standard questionnaires. The numbers of risk factors were categorised into three groups (1–2 = low, 3 = medium, 4–7 = high). Data analysis was performed by cross‐tabulation and multinomial logistic regression. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the measure of the associations.
Results
The prevalence of risk factors among patients varied from 23% to 97%, with stress being the most prevalent, and current alcohol consumption the least. The majority of study patients had multiple lifestyle‐related risk factors. Male patients (POR for medium vs. low 2.83; 95% CI 1.3, 6.18) and patients with high incomes (POR for high vs. low 2.53; 95% CI 1.10, 5.83) had higher odds of being in the medium‐ and high‐risk group, respectively.
Conclusions
Lifestyle‐related risk factors were highly prevalent among CAD patients. Various socio‐demographic variables were associated with the risk groups. Intervention studies on lifestyle risk factor modifications among this target group are recommended.
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