The global crisis of the present era, the COVID-19 pandemic, has changed given new normal ways in many of the sectors. The present review highlights the impact, problems, and challenges faced by major areas of the health care sector due to pandemics and also addresses some of the aspects of upcoming approaches. The healthcare sector is the one sector that is on-demand since this COVID-19 pandemic raised. During the initial period, there was disruption of various services provided by the health care sector due to supply chain management issues and reduction in demand by consumers, quarantine, and lockdown period. The healthcare workers also confronted a huge challenge due to the increased number of cases and shortage of amenities and safety measures. This significantly affected even COVID-19 patients and the general public suffering from other diseases. To fight this issue, research and development (RandD) in pharmaceutical industries with great efforts to explore molecules and save many lives. Gradually innovative ways to strengthen and combat pandemics started emerging. Numeral ways and rules were adopted to prevent, diagnose and cure the disease. Artificial intelligence technology has emerged as one of the boons to address many of the unresolved or time-consuming mysteries. All the divisions of health care sectors have started working more efficiently with adopted new strategies to face future challenges.
The concept of drug “reprofiling” has garnered attention in the recent past post the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 when traditional drug discovery seemed to fail. Even though repurposing is called pharma-friendly in terms of monetary relief, clinical trials play an integral role in repurposed nontarget /combination moieties. Nevertheless, when a drug exhibits no returns to the market, an exhaustive study on mechanism of action (MOA) can help for reprofiling of drugs for new indications. However, several papers have claimed that scarcity of resources and data access, and staffing issues, tends to pull down reprofiling of drugs. In contrast to this notion, a total of 155 patented articles to date give a strong base for drug repurposing. In the present review, a scientific prospection of reprofiled antifungal and antiviral agents for the past decade was made using the PubMed database wherein a total of 410 and 768 publications have resulted respectively. The authors have attempted to focus their attention to repurposing antifungal drugs for chronic ailments and infectious diseases by understanding their MOA.For example, antifungal azoles, which work by blocking ergosterol synthesis, can be repurposed as they inhibit histone deacetylase as well significantly decrease the production of cytokines and modulate the inflammatory pathways used by cancer cells.Hence, we believe that the mentioned Food and Drug Administration-approved drug candidates can be utilized to treat nontarget diseases, notably rare/neglected diseases as well as chronic illnesses and the more recent viral infections that are spreading globally.
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder causing painful swelling and damaging various body systems. Deflazacort is a drug of choice for treatment, but it exhibits lower mineral corticoid activity and lower bioavailability when administered orally. The novel formulation is required to achieve a successful release rate in a well-controlled manner and facilitate the drug's uptake. Materials and Methods: The in situ injectable implants are developed as a solution using a cold technique and the ingredients carbopol 934P, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K4M, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K15M were utilized. When exposed to external stimuli, like as pH, the solution begins to shift into a gel state. The developed formulations was subjected to pH, rheology, drug content, gelling ability, in vitro permeability, and release kinetics studies. Results: Among all the batch formulations, F14, F17, and F18 exhibited good gelling properties and optimum viscosity. In vitro permeation studies of F14 showed drug release of 95.45% in 24 hr. Further, the drug diffusion data of F14 revealed that it followed the Higuchi model, which suggests that the drug release occurred followed Non-Fickian diffusion kinetics which is ideal for injectable in situ implant formulations. Conclusion: The present study concluded that deflazacort injectable in situ implant formulations inhibit the initial burst release and sustain the drug delivery for 24 hr when administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
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