The goal of this study is to develop optimized chitosan-coated Simvastatin (SIM) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded in an in situ gel (ISG) formulation via a face-centered central composite design (FCCCD). Coated SIM-NPs were doped with Quercetin (QRC) using a modified nanoprecipitation method. The concentrations of poloxamer 188 (A) and chitosan (B) at five different levels, plus/minus alpha (+1.414 and −1.414: axial points), plus/minus 1 (factorial points) and the center point were optimized for particle size (PS-Y1), entrapment efficacy (EE-Y2) and stability index (SI-Y3). Based on the desirability approach, a formulation containing poloxamer 188 0.24% and chitosan 0.43% renders the prerequisites of optimum formulation for preparing SIM-QRC NP-loaded ISG. Scanning microscopy showed spherical SIM-NPs, indicating monodispersity in the range of 0.50 ± 0.04 nm with a charge of +32.42 mV. The optimized formulation indicated the highest EE 79.67% and better stability at 4 • C. Drug release from SIM-QRC NP-loaded ISG was slower to plateau by up to 96 h and, at the end of 168 h, only 65.12% of SIM was released in a more controlled manner in comparison to SIM-QRC NPs and plain SIM. ISG formulation showed a considerable increase in apoptosis occurrence through caspase-3 mediation and it also enhanced the tumor suppressor protein levels. Enhanced biological activity of SIM was observed due to QRC enabling promising drug and polymer synergistic interaction. The proposed formulation can provide a breakthrough in localized therapy, overcoming the potential drawbacks of systemic chemotherapy for tongue carcinoma.
PHB nanofibers are synthesized by electrospinning of a PHB solution prepared using HFIP as the solvent. The nanofibrous scaffold supports rapid cell growth with normal morphology and attains a viability of 87% after 48 h. Kanamycin sulphate‐loaded PHB nanofiber mats are synthesized, with the antibiotic on the surface and sandwiched within the nanofiber mats: their antimicrobial property is proved by the good zone of inhibition tested against Staphylococcus aureus. The drug shows more than 95% release within 8 h. These results indicate that nanofibers loaded with the antibiotic have potential applications as a template for tissue engineering and as a drug carrier.
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