Abstrak Sungai Lamat merupakan salah satu sungai yang ada di Kabupaten Magelang yang berpotensi mengalami pencemaran. Pencemaran sungai ini dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya ekosistem sungai dan dapat merugikan masyarakat yang memanfaatkan sungai tersebut. Pencemaran sungai dapat dikendalikan dengan cara inventarisasi dan pemetaan sumber pencemar yang berpotensi mencemari Sungai Lamat dan penentuan status mutu air Sungai Lamat. Pemetaan sumber pencemar dilakukan dengan mengolah data yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Penentuan status mutu air dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran (KepMen LH No. 115 Tahun 2003). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Lamat berpotensi tercemar oleh limbah rumah tangga dan limbah industri, baik yang berupa limbah cair maupun limbah padat. Berdasarkan penentuan status mutu air menggunakan Metode Indeks Pencemaran, status mutu air Sungai Lamat dari tahun ke tahun bervariasi, dari "baik" hingga "cemar ringan". Abstract Lamat River, located in Magelang Regency, has a potential to contamination. A contaminated river is not only hazardous for the ecosystem but also for the people who use the river. River pollution can be controlled using the inventory and mapping of pollutant sources that potentially contaminate the Lamat River as well as the determination of water quality status of Lamat River. The mapping of pollutant sources was conducted by processing the data collected using GIS (Geographic Information System). The water quality status was determined using Pollution Index Method (KepMen LH No. 115 Year 2003). The result shows that the Lamat River is potentially contaminated by household and industrial wastes, both in the form of liquid and solid wastes. Based on the determination of water quality status using Pollution Index Method, the status of water quality of Lamat River varies from year to year, from 'good' to 'mildly contaminated'. 1. PENDAHULUAN Air merupakan salah satu kebutuhan vital bagi manusia. Keberadaan air di bumi selalu terjaga dengan adanya siklus hidrologi. Akan tetapi bukan berarti jumlah air yang dapat dimanfaatkan manusia tidak terbatas. Keberlangsungan siklus hidrologi dapat terganggu akibat adanya kerusakan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). DAS merupakan daerah yang dibatasi punggung-punggung gunung dimana air hujan yang jatuh pada daerah tersebut akan ditampung oleh punggung gunung tersebut dan akan dialirkan melalui sungai-sungai kecil ke sungai utama (Asdak, 2010). Selain terganggunya siklus hidrologi,
One way to increase the paddy farmers family incomes is to increase the rice price. This is based on the assumption that the increase in the rice price will subsequently increase the paddy price, which, in turn, will increase the family incomes of paddy farmers. This assumption is valid when there is integration between the rice and paddy prices; such integration occurs within a free and competitive market structure. This study aims to find evidence that the market for farmers with small areas of land is not a "free and competitive market" but a "monopsony", in which increases in rice prices will not increase the farmers family incomes. This is an important scientific finding for suggestion in food policy. The research method is survey, with proportional stratified random sampling. The objects research is small farmers, medium farmers and large farmers in Kroya subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, Indonesia. The reason for choosing this area is this area is ultimate producers paddy in Indonesia. After calculation from minimum number sample formula, then number sample for small farmers is 48, for medium farmers is 39, and large farmers is 16 farmers. The analysis for rice price integration with paddy price is regression analysis, if regression estimate is significant it can be concluded the paddy price is influenced by rice price. Paddy price to farmers family income impact Analysis is done by a difference test, between the rice prices, before and after the increases in the prices. If farmers income is different it be concluded the rice price have an impact to farmers family income. The research finding is, for the small farmers, their paddy price is not influenced by the market rice price. The market structure for small farmer is a near monopsony. The paddy price influenced by the rice price is only for middle and large farmers. The free and competitive market structure is only for the large farmers. It is only large and middle farmers feels the impact of rice price to farmers family income ; In another hand, the increase of rice price do not have such an impact for family incomes of the small farmers. The reason for it, is because revenue from the increasing paddy price do not cover the increasing of family expediture from the increasing rice price. The policy implication from this research sugest is, the policy of increasing rice price to increasing farmer's family income is a bad policy. This is because the policy increasing rice don't affect for small farmer's family income. The increasing rice price only affect for middle and larger farmer's 218 family income. According BPS (2014), 57 percent farmer's in Indonesia is a small farmers, that mean increasing rice price only increasing less a half number of farmer's family income income in Indonesia.JEL Classifications: O20, O13, F63
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