An ever-increasing demand for electrical power and soaring levels of energy consumption around the world have led to an energy crisis. Thus, this paper aims to review the conventional technologies against those of newer developments in electrical power generation such as using nitrogen generators. The nitrogen generator method is most appealing as it is a seemingly free energy already existing in nature. A nitrogen generator with a 5000 (Nm3/h) capacity has the potential to be used to analyze gas composition and the results are compared with the gas composition of a conventional steam turbine, which is used to pressurize 6000 (kWh) injection steam turbines. The magnetic bearing must be installed in both systems to modify all centrifuged systems which reduces all energy consumption in all systems by more than 50%. Artificial intelligence is used with the machine to analyze and control nitrogen gas flow to provide a more precise evaluation resulting in a more efficient technology. It should further be noted that the nitrogen turbine is superior to the steam turbine because it does not require the burning of fossil fuel to generate power. Hence, it is crucial to modify conventional technologies to improve energy sustainability and begin the long task of tackling environmental issues.
The realistic flow on each blade of the front and rear propellers with contra-rotating propellers (CRPs) are most complex because that consist the interaction forces with themselves and it affects to the actual efficiency of the propeller blades. The wake of CRPs at the gap between the front and rear propellers have influent to the variation of propeller performance for the front and rear propellers. So, this paper presented the numerical simulation of propeller performance on CRPs with steady method in the first. Second, it is applied to evaluate the propeller performance with unsteady method in time accuracy including investigating the wake on a transverse plane between the front and rear propellers and a transverse plane located downstream of the rear propeller. The wake was analyzed through velocity vector magnitude contours. The numerical simulations were conducted using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS). The calculation results have been compared the measurement data.
The realistic simulation of cavitation on a marine propeller is important for the efficient design of the propeller. However, the flow characteristic that occurred on the marine propeller is complicated and difficult to predict due to the combined effects of turbulence, cavitation, and multiphase phenomena. There is still currently no turbulence model that can predict these combined effects satisfactory. The nonlinear turbulence model is therefore modified and applied to predict the cavitation on a marine propeller for the first time in this work. It is found that the nonlinear turbulence model can predict the cavitation and hence the thrust and torque coefficients much more accurately than the existing Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence models including the Reynolds-stress model.
Inclined shaft propeller arrangements are demonstrated in the high-speed boat. The flow field around the propeller blades with inclined shaft propeller is unsteady due to the cross-flow component from the influx of the shaft direction which complicated more than the straight shaft propeller condition (without inclined shaft propeller). Therefore, realistic flow around inclined shaft propeller is important to the actual efficiency of propeller. In addition, propeller characteristics such as the pitch, skew and rake are influences to propeller performance, maybe not done in design condition which is different from the straight shaft propeller. This paper offers the investigation of unsteady propeller performance with operating the different inclined shaft angle conditions for Long-Tail Boat (LTB) using a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. The unsteady calculations are conducted by inclined flow conditions. The computational results of propeller performance and pressure distribution on the suction and pressure sides at the blades of time-accuracy have been compared to each other including the wake effect behind the propeller. The results can be applied to adjust the inclined shaft angle of the boat.
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