Background: Chronic ulcers are one of the challenges of treatment today and cost a lot to the health system. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Lucilia sericata maggot therapy in chronic wound treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a clinical trial study with 90 eligible patients. Patients were randomly assigned to two equal intervention and control groups. Both groups received routine treatments for chronic ulcers. Patients in the intervention group received maggot therapy with larvae of Lucilia sericata. For all patients, a smear and culture of wound discharges were acquired. The condition of wound healing, the type of infection, and the reduction of microorganisms were compared between the two groups. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was present in 68.9% of the patients and was the most abundant infection among all patients. Results of culturing after larval treatment at different times revealed a decrease in the number of all bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and S. aureus, but the response rate for Enterococcus was the lowest. Also, the wound healing rate and reduction in necrotic tissue at the end of the second week (p=0.041) and the third week (p=0.012) was significantly higher in the intervention group. Conclusion: Larvae of L. sericata have the highest effects on P. aeruginosa and had the least effect on the growth of Enterococcus. Also, our results showed larvae of L. sericata therapy can significantly improve wound healing rate.
s u m m a r yBackground: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. Due to the lack of definitive documentation for the effect of folic acid on fatty liver, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between serum folate levels and fatty liver in patients referred to Imam Hossain Hospital in Shahroud, in 2016. Methods: This caseecontrol study was performed on 150 patients. The case group was fatty liver patients whose disease was diagnosed based on laboratory and ultrasound findings and a control group of patients without fatty liver. After liver ultrasonography, blood samples were taken from all patients and folic acid levels were measured. Results: Of the 150 patients examined, mean BMI of patients was (25.3 ± 6.1 kg/m2 in case group and 24.8 ± 7.2 kg/m2 in control group), which was significantly higher in case group (p < 0.035). The mean fasting blood glucose level in patients was (137.5 ± 53.5 mg/dl in case group and 124.5 ± 62.5 mg/dl in control group), which was significantly higher in case group (p < 0.01). The mean LDL of the patients was (175.3 ± 65.5 mg/dl in case group and 125.5 ± 42.5 mg/dl in control group), which was significantly higher (P < 0.003) in patients with fatty liver. The mean of folic acid in patients was (3.7 ± 5.3 ng/ml in case group and 5.3 ± 4.1 ng/
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common clinical problem during pregnancy that can have serious consequences for the mother and fetus. Some studies have suggested that UTI can trigger or aggravate preeclampsia. The present study aimed to investigate the association between urinary tract infection in the first trimester and the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women referring to Bahar hospital of Shahroud. Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, 92 pregnant women with a diagnosis of preeclampsia were selected as cases, and for comparison 92 pregnant women were selected as control. History of previous UTI in the first trimester was assessed as a risk factor. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and related statistical tests such as mean and standard deviation, chi-square, and independent t-test. Results: In this study, the mean age of the patients was 28.6 ± 6.9 years that no significant differences were found between the two groups. It was also found that 37 (40.2%) patients in the case group and 29 (31.5%) patients in the control group had a UTI which was significantly (p<0.043) higher in the case group. Also, in the multivariate regression model, UTI was significantly associated with preeclampsia (p<0.048), so that UTI increases the risk of preeclampsia (OR=1.86). Conclusion: The results of this study showed UTI during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with the risk of preeclampsia. Therefore, controlling and treatment of urinary infections can reduce the risk of preeclampsia in the later months.
Background: During recent decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of asthma in children. There is low-grade quality evidence that breastfeeding and anemia are associated with a reduced risk of asthma in children up to 5 years of age. Objectives: Regarding the high prevalence of anemia and asthma in Iranian children, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors for asthma in children. Methods: The present case-control study examined 110 children (55 cases and 55 controls) aged 3 to 12, admitted to Shahroud educational hospitals from March 2017 to February 2018. The children diagnosed based on the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria, by a specialist physician, were selected as the case group and those admitted to other hospital wards for diseases (such as orthopedic and nephrology), other than respiratory problems were selected as the control group. Multivariable logistic regression was used to find asthma risk factors. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of 110 children, 63 (57.3%) were boy and mean (± standard deviation (SD)) age of the participants was 7.23 (± 4.17) years and mean weight was 29.6 (± 21.6) kg. Most of the children (76.4%) were fed by breast milk during infancy. Mean (± SD) Hb in the case group was 10.4 (± 2.5) g/dL and in the control group was 11.5 (± 2.3) g/dL (P = 0.01). The prevalence of anemia was 72.7% and 50.9% in the case and control group, respectively (P < 0.001). After controlling for potential confounders, breastfeeding (OR breast milk only vs. formula only = 2.23, P = 0.01), serum level of hemoglobin (OR = 0.13, P = 0.002) and ferritin (OR = 0.32, P = 0.04) were significantly associated with the risk of asthma. Conclusions: Our study found the role of low duration of breastfeeding and ferritin deficiency as a risk factor for development of asthma in children. This finding emphasizes that iron supplementation along with breastfeeding in childhood may prevent asthma and hence reduce the children's mortality and morbidity rates associated with asthma.
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