Leucaena leucocephala is one of the fastest-growing leguminous trees. Its foliage is used as animal feed, and its leaves and seeds are used as human food in Central America, Indonesia, and Thailand. Mimosine, the toxic, non-protein amino acid in Leucaena, causes alopecia, growth retardation, cataract, goitre, decreased fertility, and mortality in non-ruminants. The mechanism of this toxicity is complicated. Mimosine probably exerts its toxic action by blocking the metabolic pathways of aromatic amino acids and tryptophan; by chelating metals; by antagonizing the action of vitamin B6; by inhibiting DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis; by exerting adverse effects on collagen biosynthesis; and by interfering in the metabolism of some amino acids, primarily glycine. Besides mimosine, other anti-nutritional and toxic factors in L. leucocephala add to its toxicity. Heat, moisture, chemical treatments, ensiling, rotation feeding, cutting management of the plant, new hybrids, introducing microorganisms into the rumen of ruminants that are unable to detoxify mimosine, and preparing protein isolate from Leucaena seeds have all been used to overcome mimosine toxicity.

ABSTRACT:-A sensitive and accurate method was developed to test the efficacy of the aqueous extract of marine seaweed, Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh against blue tongue virus using the 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) method. The abundance of this algae on the shores during the month of November and no reports so far ,having antiviral activity in addition to this other solvent extracts were toxic to the cell line hence water was selected as the solvent for extraction. On the other hand dextran sulphate was used a positive control and the bioactive compounds efficacy was compared with it. The optical density of formazan was used to determine cell viability. The IC 50 values of dextran sulphate and the extracts were found to be nearly similar to those obtained by the plaque reduction method.key words:-mtt, seaweed, bioactive, aqueous extract, formazan,IC50value ,dextran sulphate.

Studies on two varieties of Leucaena leucocephala, K8 and K28, whole seeds and seed fractions (kernel and hull), revealed that it is primarily the seed kernel portion of the seed that is a potential source of protein. Trypsin inhibitors, amylase inhibitors and cyanogenetic glycosides were found to be absent, while urease activity, amylase activity, saponins and haemagglutinins were present in the seeds. Reduction in urease activity on heating L . leucocephala seeds could be taken as an index of the reduction in mimosine content, particularly when the seeds were given high temperature treatments (e.g. autoclaving). Int J Food Sci Nutr Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Osaka University on 11/19/14 For personal use only. gratitude to Dyuman Bhai, Trustee, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, India, and Mr Manindra Pal of carpa (Sotelo et af., 1980). From the above results. it is clear that L. leucocephala seeds do possess enzyme Gloria Land, Dairy Farm, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, India, for donating the L . leucocephalainhibitors Or 'yanogenic g1ycosides7 seed samples. This study was supported in part by although anti-nutritional and toxic factors R. D. Birla Smarak Kosh, Bombay Hospital, Bombay, such as oxalic acid, phytic acid, tannins, India.

Many biological procedures depend on an accurate count of the bacterial colonies and other organisms. In biomedical research and clinical diagnosis, there is a great need to quantify the amount of bacteria in the samples.This paper presents a simple and cost effective methodology for automatically counting the Bacterial Colonies (BC). The proposed methodology for automatic colony counter is based on digital image processing techniques. Proposed methodology is tested with different type of filter images. It is observed that the results obtained with the proposed counter were not significantly different from the manual counting. General TermsDigital image processing, Pattern Recognition KeywordsAdaptive median filter, bacterial colony, bacterium, colony forming unit, microorganisms, morphological image processing.

When changing the format of an image from simple RGB to HSV, YIQ and Dithered image, the characteristics of image also change. In this paper, the similar images in the above formats are retrieved using statistical and structural retrieving techniques i.e. GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and Wavelet Decomposition techniques. The best results are coming for dithered, HSV images by using GLCM technique for feature extraction and by using Wavelet decomposition; HSV images are giving the best results. While other formats also give the correct retrieval but from the accuracy point of view, HSV images are retrieved with better accuracy using both techniques.