This work is focused to carry out the investigation of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) approach on free space optical (FSO) transmission systems. In this work, 8 independent channels having capacity of 1.56 Gbps each are transmitted over FSO link having a span of 15km by considering clear weather conditions. Furthermore, the performance of proposed FSO-WDM system is also evaluated on the effect of varying the beam divergence and results are reported in terms of SNR, BER and eye diagrams.
KeywordsFree space optics (FSO), Divergence, Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
In intelligent transportation systems, intelligent vehicle cooperate with smart infrastructure to achieve a safer environment and better traffic conditions. After analyzing the major causes of injuries and death on roads, it is understandable that one of the main goals in the automotive industry is to increase vehicle safety. In recent development, one of the most frequently implemented solutions for road recognition is the use of camera based systems. Aim of this paper is to integrate cameras in automotive vehicles to increase security and prevent driver's mistakes. In this paper a definition of lane is proposed, and a lane detection algorithm is presented. So far the influence of noise in industrial applications, have been neglected and hence in this paper noise reduction techniques are used i.e. filtering techniques (median and wiener filter). Performance of algorithm is judged in terms of comparative study of median and wiener filters.
When changing the format of an image from simple RGB to HSV, YIQ and Dithered image, the characteristics of image also change. In this paper, the similar images in the above formats are retrieved using statistical and structural retrieving techniques i.e. GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and Wavelet Decomposition techniques. The best results are coming for dithered, HSV images by using GLCM technique for feature extraction and by using Wavelet decomposition; HSV images are giving the best results. While other formats also give the correct retrieval but from the accuracy point of view, HSV images are retrieved with better accuracy using both techniques.
An image can be retrieved from number of features contained in it. But it depends upon its format, which features are best selected for the proper retrieval. In this paper, the RGB, HSV, YIQ and dithered images are retrieved using two computational retrieval techniques; DCT and Wavelet decomposition. When used DCT transformation technique, only HSV images are giving the best results, while when Wavelet transformation is used, the HSV, Dithered and YIQ images are giving satisfactory results, out of which from the accuracy point of view, HSV images are having maximum degree of accuracy in correct retrieval. After analysis, it is found that in DCT as well as in Wavelet decomposition techniques, the HSV images are correctly retrieved.
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