Pewarnaan pada permukaan aluminium oksida melalui proses anodisasi coloring diperlukan untuk memperbaiki estetika. Proses anodisasi coloring meliputi pembersihan, pembentukan pori-pori, pewarnaan dan penutupan pori-pori aluminium oksida. Proses pembersihan terdiri dari 8 langkah yang semuanya merupakan pembersihan kimiawi. Aluminium AA1100 dianodisasi dalam larutan asam sulfat kemudian diwarnai. Sebagai pewarna digunakan tinta printer (merk Exxxx) yang tersedia secara komersial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada waktu anodisasi 30 menit, warna yang dihasilkan mempunyai kelekatan yang baik namun kurang merata dan cenderung tipis. Sedangkan pada waktu 45 menit, warna yang dihasilkan mempunyai kelekatan yang baik, dan merata yang cukup memadai. Karenanya waktu proses anodisasi harus lebih lama atau sama dengan 45 menit. Pengaruh kondisi anodisasi lainnya seperti konsentrasi asam sulfat dan rapat arus juga telah diteliti. Warna yang dihasilkan tinta printer pada oksida aluminium yang telah digunakan berulangkali dan mengalami pemanasan dan pendinginan menunjukkan warna yang setara dengan warna pada kondisi awal. Kondisi ini memunculkan dugaan bahwa tinta printer tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna aluminium oksida pada proses anodisasi coloring dan mempunyai stabilitas warna yang baik.
Many studies have been done as hole flanges have important functional elements in many lightweight construction parts such as to provide sufficient fastening area, stiffness, bearing support, and allow for positioning, etc. Advancement of CAD/CAM software integrated to CNC machines technology has opened a new technology to enable pre-cut hole on sheet metal formed incrementally into required flange profile and height on its periphery known as incremental hole-flanging (IHF). Unlike conventional hole-flanging, the forming of the flange in the IHF process was using a simple tool pressed incrementally into a pre-cut hole with motion path performed by the NC programs on CNC machine. Hence, low volume production and rapid prototyping to reduce initial cost can be achieved to meet today’s production flexibility. There have not been many types of research to study the forming of flanges in incremental backward hole-flanging (IBHF) of closed or semi-closed profiles. By employing full factorial experimental design, this research focused on whether curved shoulder flange forming tool, process variables, and tool geometry of IBHF on copper plate through a spiral tool path strategy affect the produced flange height. The research yielded the results that the curved shoulder flange forming tool was successfully produced flange height through the spiral path strategy. From the data processing, it is shown that the variable of horizontally forming step, the forming rate, the forming tool rotation, and the tool shoulder radius significantly affects the flange height resulted from the IBHF process.
The quality of welding results is influenced by the shape of the microstructure of the welding material especially in the HAZ region. The shape of the welding microstructure is largely determined by the cooling rate of the weld material. The cooling rate of the weld is greatly influenced by the heat input from the arc and the ambient temperature. This study aimed to determine the effect of different environmental temperatures on the cooling rate of welding results. Welding of GMAW fillets on medium carbon steel plates S50C, with variations in welding currents 90 A, 100A and 110A and carried out at variations in environmental temperature of 15oC, 10oC and 5oC. Temperature data on the middle, welding part is taken with a digital thermometer to compare the effect of each variable. The test results show that the greater the welding current, the slower the cooling rate. Similarly, an increase in ambient temperature causes a decrease in the weld metal's cooling rate.
During the installation process, copper pipes for air conditioning will experience a very large deformation due to straightening and bending following the installation path. Hardening strains occur that result in changes in mechanical properties in this case decreases ductility making it difficult to do the connecting process with flaring. Studies need to be carried out to restore the mechanical properties of copper pipes that have been used, including the heat treatment process on copper pipes, so that used copper pipes have a better benefit value than having to be recycled. The temperature of the heat treatment is varied from 400oC, 500 oC and 600 oC. Tensile test results show that at annealed temperature of 400 oC has the highest tensile strength of 125.81 N / mm2 and proportional limit stress of 40.52 N / mm2. Whereas in the microhardness test, the highest hardness occurs also at annealed temperature of 400 oC which is equal to 50.8 HV.
The condition of electric energy at Gemah beach on the south coast of Tulungagung has not been fully supplied by PLN, so it is necessary to take advantage of renewable energy. This study aims to calculate the need for electrical energy at Gemah beach and calculate the number of solar panels and the required generating capacity. From the calculation results obtained: Total load energy per day 17392 Wh, Total load Ah requirement per day = 362 Ah, and need battery with capacity = 1358 Ah, capacity of selected battery in Amp-hour is 800 Ah, batteries in parallel is 2, Number of batteries in series = 24, Total number of batteries = 48, capacity of total battery is 1600 Ah, Total kilowatt-hour capacity of battery = 76.8 kWh. Meanwhile, for the purposes of generation required: The number of solar modules to meet the load requirements = 28 modules. Generating capacity = 5.6 kWp, rounded off to 6 kWp
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