Safety and comfort are the valuable factor for the driver. One of the safety factor refers to the steering accuracy. Steering wheel hardness must be soft when turning but remain stable in straight track. The comfort factor refers to the bouncing effect when the car passing in rough track. Those two factors is depend on the shock absorber components. This study aims to know the optimum gas pressure and spring pressure to obtain the maximum vibration reduction. This study use the experimental methods use the 6 bar, 8 bar, and 10 bar of absorber pressure. The spring pressure used in this study is 20 , 25 dan 30 (Kg/cm2). The data obtained were analyzed with MINITAB software. From the results of research on Optimizing Shock Absorber Pressure and Coil Spring Pressure Against Car Vibrations can be concluded as follows: 1. There is an influence of absorber pressure and spring pressure on the suspension on the amount of vehicle vibration. The optimum absorber pressure is 10 (bar). 2. The optimum coil spring pressure at 24 (kg / cm2).
Many studies have been done as hole flanges have important functional elements in many lightweight construction parts such as to provide sufficient fastening area, stiffness, bearing support, and allow for positioning, etc. Advancement of CAD/CAM software integrated to CNC machines technology has opened a new technology to enable pre-cut hole on sheet metal formed incrementally into required flange profile and height on its periphery known as incremental hole-flanging (IHF). Unlike conventional hole-flanging, the forming of the flange in the IHF process was using a simple tool pressed incrementally into a pre-cut hole with motion path performed by the NC programs on CNC machine. Hence, low volume production and rapid prototyping to reduce initial cost can be achieved to meet today’s production flexibility. There have not been many types of research to study the forming of flanges in incremental backward hole-flanging (IBHF) of closed or semi-closed profiles. By employing full factorial experimental design, this research focused on whether curved shoulder flange forming tool, process variables, and tool geometry of IBHF on copper plate through a spiral tool path strategy affect the produced flange height. The research yielded the results that the curved shoulder flange forming tool was successfully produced flange height through the spiral path strategy. From the data processing, it is shown that the variable of horizontally forming step, the forming rate, the forming tool rotation, and the tool shoulder radius significantly affects the flange height resulted from the IBHF process.
The problem of air pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels and the process of combustion is increase. Many efforts. has done to reduce the air pollution problem. Starting from the combustion process to give equipment as reduce gass emissions and raise the quality of burning, but the ari pollution is still high, especially the burning gasoline of motor fuel Air pollution a motor vehicle exhaust gases come from the rest of the results of the combustion of fuel that do not be unraveled or burning with perfect. Bad gass emissions caused by incomplete combustion of fuel in the fuel chamber. Element contained in the exhaust gasses are CO, NO2, HC, C, H2, CO2, H2O dan N2, The CO and CO2 gasses is the most radical among the others. The CO gass is poisonous, if a men inhale this gas can caused death. While the CO2 gass is a radical gass who can cause the greenhouse effect. The aims of this research are : 1 to understand the effect of carbon composite material, lime and glue towards reductions in emission of motor vehicle . 2. to find out the optimal composition of composite material to reducing the emission level of motor vehicle.The study and research in order to reduce gas emissions until now have done using installation catalyst on muffler. In this research, the mixed of absorption exhaust gas is observed. Especially the poisonous gas. The mixture material is made from carbon, lime and glue. And then installed on muffler filter. A mixture is made by comparation varied. Using minitab software for analyse and the conclusions are: 1. The addition of absorben composition between carbon (C) with lime (CaO) on exhaust can reduce the level of gass emission. 2. The most optimal composition absorben C and CaO in absorption and produce the lowest C and CO2 gass is C and CaO with comparison ratio is 30 %: 70 %
In the cutting process on the tirning machine the shape of chips generatedvaries among long chip (continuous chip) and a dashed chip, chip shape isinfluenced by the geometry of the tool including chip breaker radius appliedcutting tool, and the radius of the breaker chip thought to have an influence onworkpiece surface roughness and tools durabulity. The influence of the radius ofthis chip breaker needs to be analyzed for how it effect the value of the surfaceroughness. The goal of my research is to find the optimal surface roughness isgenerated by certain radius enabling have to be used for guidance for thetoolmaker in turning machine in metal manufakturing. The conclusion from thisstudy is the difference in roughness significant value to the amount of burr givenradius breaker.
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