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Background: The Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) is an effective treatment for alcohol misuse but has not been adequately tested for use in helplines for alcoholics. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a telephone-based BMI for Brazilians seeking help with alcohol use cessation. Methods: A randomized, controlled trial was performed with Brazilian subjects. Participants were randomly assigned to either the minimal intervention group (i.e., given reference materials) or the BMI group. Alcohol abstinence was evaluated in a 6-month follow-up telephone counseling session. The analysis was based on the intention to treat (ITT). Results: Of the 5,896 drug users who called the helpline, 700 (12%) used alcohol, 637 of whom enrolled in this study. At 6-month follow-up, 70% of the BMI group had stopped consuming alcohol compared to 41% in the control group (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-1.9; p = 0.001). Conclusions: A helpline-based BMI helps alcohol users achieve abstinence.

ResumoA cessação do tabagismo traz benefícios à saúde, pois indivíduos que param de fumar evitam a maioria das doenças associadas ao tabaco. Objetiva-se revisar as características fundamentais e eficácia das intervenções farmacológicas e psicossociais para o tratamento dos tabagistas, apresentando dados de revisões tipo meta-análises e de ensaios clínico randomizados. Intervenções farmacológicas como a terapia de reposição de nicotina e a bupropiona e intervenções psicossociais como a terapia cognitivo-comportamental e a intervenção motivacional face a face e por telefone demonstram eficácia. A farmacoterapia aumenta a chance de abstinência em 2 vezes e as intervenções psicossociais face a face ou por telefone em 1,5 a 2,5 vezes em relação a tabagistas recebendo intervenções controles. Estes dados fornecem subsídios para profissionais de saúde decidirem qual o melhor tratamento para o tabagista, informando as intervenções disponíveis, sua eficácia e o benefício de sua utilização.Palavras-chave: tabaco; tabagismo; terapia; farmacoterapia AbstractEfficacy of pharmacological and no-pharmacological treatments for smoking cessation. Smoking cessation is associated to health benefits, because individuals who stop smoking will avoid most tobacco-related disorders. Our aim was to review the most important characteristics and the efficacy of the pharmacological and psychossocial treatments available for tobacco smokers, presenting meta-analysis and randomized clinical trials fundamental conclusions. Pharmacological interventions involving nicotine replacement and antidepressant use, with bupropion as the first line agent, and psychossocial interventions involving cognitive behavioral therapies and face-to-face or phone-based motivational interventions are proving to be efficacious. Pharmacotherapies increase two-fold the chance of abstinence and face-to-face or phonebased psychosocial interventions increase the chance of quitting smoking in 1.5 to 2.5 times in comparison to individuals who try to quit smoking by themselves. These data support health professionals to decide the most effective treatment for individual smokers, according to the available interventions tested, their efficacy and the benefits of use.

ResumoObjetivos: Descrever o perfi l sociodemográfi co de usuários de maconha que iniciam tratamento e comparar os sexos dos indivíduos em relação aos estágios de prontidão para mudança e uso associado de outras drogas. Método: Estudo transversal descritivo, com amostra não probabilística de indivíduos que ligaram para um teleatendimento especializado em dependência química. Resultados: A amostra se constituiu de 72% de indivíduos do sexo masculino na faixa etária de 12 a 25 anos. Um percentual de 85,5% fazia uso associado de outras drogas. O estágio motivacional predominante foi de ação (56%), sem diferenças entre sexos (p = 0,4). Os homens mais frequentemente procuraram auxílio para o tratamento do uso de maconha. Conclusão: Com base nesses dados, foi possível delinear o perfi l dos usuários de maconha para auxiliar no direcionamento de informações e atendimento adequado. Descritores: Droga, maconha, dependência, sexo, comportamento. AbstractObjectives: To describe the social and demographic profi le of cannabis users seeking treatment and to compare differences between sex in relation to readiness to behavior change and in relation to associated use of marijuana and other drugs. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study including a nonprobability sample of individuals who called a chemical dependency hotline. Results: The sample comprised 72% male individuals aged between 12 and 25 years. 85.5% used other drugs in association with cannabis. The action stage was the most frequent stage of readiness to behavior change observed, in 56% of the callers, with no differences between sexes (p = 0.4). Men more frequently sought treatment for the use of cannabis. Conclusions: Our fi ndings allowed delineating a profi le of cannabis users, so as to better guide the provision of adequate information and treatment services.