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The integration of demand side management (DSM) with smart grid (SG) can facilitate residents' transfer into smart homes and sustainable cities by reducing the carbon emission. This manuscript reviews the recent works related to the application of DSM in SG through discussing the techniques and algorithms and their associated challenges for effective implementation. This paper also critically discusses the operation mode of DSM, the profile of energy production, storage and consumption, and finally the benefit obtained by the DSM implementation. Previous literature suggested that DSM practice reduced peak-to-average ratio, energy cost and carbon emission by approximately 10% to 65%, 5% to 50%, and 14%, respectively. The implementation of DSM in SG deals with a number of challenges such as security and privacy, tariff regulation, energy transmission, distribution, and effective utilization of energy resources. A number of international organizations have taken various measures and solutions to guarantee the security and privacy of the DSM in SG discussed. So far, a number of algorithms have been used as optimization approach to solve the DSM optimization problems; however hybrid algorithms have showed better performance than single algorithms due to their faster convergence speed. At the end, the paper presents the research gaps and future research directions.

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This study focuses on the conversion of biosolids to biochar and its further use in adsorbing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from contaminated water. In particular, the study aims to...

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Objectives: The purpose of this work was to investigate the fitness of the existing truck seats for Bangladeshi truck drivers and suggest a guideline for drivers' seats based on their anthropometry. Methodology: In this study, eight anthropometric measurements of 120 Bangladeshi truck drivers and seven seat dimensions of ninety trucks of three brands namely, TATA, ASHOK LEYLAND, and ISUZU were considered for investigating the considerable mismatch between seat dimensions and drivers' anthropometry. The data were analyzed using two-sample t-tests to identify the relationship between existing seat dimensions and drivers' anthropometry. Results: The results showed a mismatch in seat dimensions and anthropometric measurements for nearly all truck brands and the existing seat dimensions were found to be inappropriate for Bangladeshi drivers. For all the truck brands, the percentage mismatch of seat height, seat depth, seat width, backrest height, and steering wheel clearance varied between 71% and 98%, 23% and 79%, 33% and 84%, 28% and 65%, and 53% and 100% respectively. Subsequently, an attempt was made to provide ergonomically correct seat dimensions for Bangladeshi truck drivers. Further, generalized equations to design the appropriate seat dimensions were developed using the least square regression technique. The recommended seat height, depth and width, backrest height, and steering wheel clearance were found to be appropriate for 82%, 79%, 76%, 98%, and 100% of drivers respectively. Conclusion: The analysis and results of this study can be useful in developing guidelines for design and manufacture of truck driver seats in Bangladesh.