Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ), a preventable cause of brain damage, is the most common cause of admission in the 1st week of life in neonatal intensive care unit. Objective: To determine the knowledge attitude and practices of postnatal mothers toward NNJ in tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 350 mothers who underwent delivery in our institute were interviewed within first 72 h of delivery using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 13 and analyzed with SPSS 23. Results: Mean knowledge score was 6.48±3.93 (0-21). 73% of the mothers knew the site of recognition in NNJ. However, inadequate knowledge regarding causes, danger signs of severity, complications and treatment were seen among respondents. At least one correct answer for cause, danger sign and complication of NNJ was reported by 28%, 54%, and 33% mothers, respectively. Only 8% mothers attributed it as a risk factor for death in the baby. Phototherapy and exchange transfusion as treatment modality was answered by 15% mothers only. Their knowledge score was significantly associated with parity, education level, residence, religion and previously affected babies but not with age. Regarding attitude, 20% mothers were willing to take the baby to the hospital within 24 h on recognition of jaundice, and almost 91% of those seeking medical advice were ready to follow it. Conclusion: Although awareness of NNJ was seen in the majority of mothers, there was a paucity of knowledge regarding causes, danger signs, and effective treatment available. Cultural beliefs and traditional infant care practices do have a significant impact on mothers. Special educational programs and involvement of electronic media are needed to increase the awareness of mothers regarding NNJ.

This study was carried out on semen of three mature Gir cattle and three Surti buffalo bulls. The semen ejaculates (9/bull, total 54) collected in AV were evaluated for sperm motility, viability, morphology, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane integrity (HOST) and enzyme GOT-GPT leakage pre-and post-freezing in TFYG diluent including post-thaw longevity till 3 h of incubation and their interrelationships. Most of the sperm parameters studied at initial, pre-freeze (PF) and post-thaw (PT) stages were highly significantly and positively interrelated in both the species (0.67 to 0.99). In Gir bulls, significant (P<0. K e y w o r d sGir cattle, Surti buffalo, Sperm parameters, Fresh and Frozen-thawed semen, Correlations.

Introduction:Vajikarana is one of the eight specialities of Ashtang Ayurveda dealing with the management of pathophysiology of spermatogenesis and healthy sexual potentiation. This aphrodisiac therapy is advocated for various sexual and reproductive disease i.e., Klaibya or Erectile dysfunctions, Bandhyatva or Infertility, Shukraghata Vata or azospermia and premature ejaculation. Vrishya, a synonym of Vajikara, is the technical term indicating spermatogenic and aphrodisiac effect of a dravya (foods, herbs, spices and Medicinal plants) including audio-visual, socio-religious effects/ sexual behaviour factors/ constants). Currently, the importance of this branch has increased manifold, as more and more people are reporting to clinics with various disorders related to seminal parameters and sexual dysfunction. Material and Methods: Various drugs mentioned under these therapies were searched including scientific data pertaining to their efficacy and probable mode of action. The search was limited to Ayurveda classics, books and published works from pubmed as well as non-pubmed indexed journals including google scholar database. The present review is mainly focussed on brihatryi (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtang) for elaborate understanding of the concept of Vrishya and Vajikarana. The texts Sarangdhar Samhita and Bhavprakash Nighantu were searched for the drugs indicated as vrishya and vajikarana properties. Results: Analyses of the textual data revealed that Vrishya dravyas act as Vajikara also, but all Vajikara dravyas do not possess Vrishya property. This appears due to predominance of stimulant action on Sukravaha Samsthana in Vajikara dravyas while Vrishya has mainly quantitative and qualitative effect on Sukra. These drugs also act on higher centres of the brain which helps to alleviate anxiety associated with sexual performance as revealed by the published scientific data. Aphrodiasics also modulate the level of the pituitary hormones FSH and LH. The drugs possessing these properties have been tabulated in the text. Conclusion: Vajikarana is the therapy while Vrishya is the property (Karma) of the drug. Vrishya drugs are successful in treating conditions of reproductive disorders and sexual performance and they have an effect on pituitary-gonadal axis. Investigations in validation of these drugs will go a long way in management of infertility.

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Day to day stress at work, various physical, biological, chemical and socio-economic factors contribute to a decline in concentration, motility and in the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa in fertile men. Ayurveda has several effective remedies which may act as a boon for seminal disorders. Vanga Bhasma (calcined tin) is one of the most popular drugs, used as Vrishya and to potentiate sexual vigour. It has been acclaimed to be efficacious in sukra dosa, swapanmeha and also prevents sukrakshaya. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Vanga Bhasma as Vrishya on the basis of seminal parameters, sexual dysfunction, and quality of sexual life. The study was conducted on 30 male subjects. The results were assessed in terms of seminal parameters, Questionnaire on Quality of Sexual Life and Symptomatic relief on the basis of scoring system. Statistically significant improvement (p < 0.01) was observed on total sperm count and semen volume. Highly significant improvement, with p < 0.001 was observed on abnormal sperm forms and sperm motility. In terms of subjective parameters also, highly significant improvement, with p < 0.001 was observed in sexual desire, rigidity, ejaculation, erection and orgasm. The study revealed that Vanga Bhasma can be used as a Vrishya drug.