Distributed generation (DG), battery storage (BS) and electric vehicles (EVs) in a microgrid constitute the combined power generation system (CPGS). A CPGS can be applied to achieve a reliable evaluation of a distribution network with microgrids. To model charging load and discharging capacity, respectively, the EVs in a CPGS can be divided into regular EVs and ruleless EVs, according to their driving behavior. Based on statistical data of gasoline-fueled vehicles and the probability distribution of charging start instant and charging time, a statistical model can be built to describe the charging load and discharging capacity of ruleless EVs. The charge and discharge curves of regular EVs can also be drawn on the basis of a daily dispatch table. The CPGS takes the charge and discharge curves of EVs, daily load and DG power generation into consideration to calculate its power supply time during islanding. Combined with fault duration, the power supply time during islanding will be used to analyze and determine the interruption times and interruption duration of loads in islands. Then the Sequential Monte Carlo method is applied to complete the reliability evaluation of the distribution system. The RBTS Bus 4 test system is utilized to illustrate the proposed technique. The effects on the system reliability of BS capacity and V2G technology, driving behavior, recharging mode and penetration of EVs are all investigated.
OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 1217
The majority of the distribution network is supplied by unilateral power and has a radial distribution, wind farms connected into grid will inevitably bring a certain extent on static voltage of the distributed grid. Furthermore, the randomness of wind farm output will cause the node voltage fluctuations. This paper firstly studies the random flow calculation method including wind power, and analyzes the probability distribution of the grid voltage when wind farms with different capacity accessing by combining the Newton-Raphson method with probability theory. Then establishes a computing model of penetration capacity of wind farms with the constrain of the static voltage stability range. For different values of confidence level α, the results of penetration capacity are different, then we can choose the value α flexibility according to the distribution network security requirements.
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