Disodium phosphonoacetate (PAA) was found to inhibit the replication of African swine fever virus (ASFV). The action of this compound has been compared with the inhibitory capacity of iododeoxyuridine (IDU) upon ASFV growing in Vero cells. The study was done by the immunofluorescence technique in order to detect formations of cytoplasmic virus antigens and inclusion bodies; both were found to be inhibited by IDU and PAA. At 100 µg/ml, IDU blocked completely the multiplication of ASFV and with PAA, a few scattered cells showed positive fluorescence. The infectivity of the virus was reduced 1–5 log depending upon drug concentrations and time of exposure to the drugs. Inhibition of ASFV replication by PAA suggests that this virus, like other herpesviruses, involves a virus-specific DNA polymerase in its replication mechanism.
Monoolein, monolinolein and (most strongly) gamma-linolenyl alcohol inactivate ASF virus and inhibit its replication in Vero cells at 25 micrograms/ml while at 10 micrograms/ml no inactivation occurs but inhibition of replication in tissue culture is observed. This suggests two possibly different action mechanisms.
The antiviral action of a new drug, 5-amino-2-(dimethylaminoethyl)-benzo-[de]-isoquinolin-1.3-dione has been studied against herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and adenovirus type 5 (Ad-5) grown in Vero cells. The concentration of the drug which gives a 5 log10 reduction in virus titer was 4 micrograms/ml (maximum tolerated concentration) for HSV-2. The anti-HSV-2 activity of this compound was one log. more powerful than that of iododeoxyuridine (IDU). At this concentration the drug shows virucidal activity against HSV-2. No inhibition was found when the drug was tested against Ad-5. The inhibition of virus production has been studied depending upon the amount of drug or virus, and drug addition-time after infection. Reversibility of inhibition after drug removal, and drug resistance in the presence of the drug have also been determined.
Two benzo[de]isoquinoline-diones, namely 5-nitro-2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione and 5-nitro-2-[2-(1-pyrrolidine)-ethyl]-benzo[de]isoquino-line-1,3-dione, caused inhibition of the viral replication, when assayed against herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses in chick embryo cell cultures. Influenza and Sindbis virus replication were unaffected by these chemicals. Virucidal effects were unobserved. The inhibitory activity is time-related. Ocular and dermal infections with vaccinia virus in rabbits were prevented or disease severity reduced whenever they were treated with either one of these two drugs.
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