No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The band gap and defect states of MgO thin films were investigated by using reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and high-energy resolution REELS (HR-REELS). HR-REELS with a primary electron energy of 0.3 keV revealed that the surface F center (FS) energy was located at approximately 4.2 eV above the valence band maximum (VBM) and the surface band gap width (E g S ) was approximately 6.3 eV. The bulk F center (F B ) energy was located approximately 4.9 eV above the VBM and the bulk band gap width was about 7.8 eV, when measured by REELS with 3 keV primary electrons. From a first-principles calculation, we confirmed that the 4.2 eV and 4.9 eV peaks were F S and F B , induced by oxygen vacancies. We also experimentally demonstrated that the HR-REELS peak height increases with increasing number of oxygen vacancies. Finally, we calculated the secondary electron emission yields (γ) for various noble gases. He and Ne were not influenced by the defect states owing to their higher ionization energies, but Ar, Kr, and Xe exhibited a stronger dependence on the defect states owing to their small ionization energies. C 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

Tracheal intubation during chest compressions using Pentax-AWS Ò , GlideScope Ò , and Macintosh laryngoscope: a randomized crossover trial using a mannequin Intubation trachéale avec le Pentax-AWS Ò , le GlideScope Ò et le laryngoscope Macintosh pendant des compressions thoraciques: une étude croisée randomisée sur un mannequin Abstract Background A randomized crossover trial was conducted to compare the performance of two videolaryngoscopes (Pentax-AWS Ò , GlideScope Ò ) with the Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation during continuous chest compressions on a mannequin. Methods Thirty-two inexperienced junior interns performed tracheal intubations on an advanced life support simulator with either a normal or difficult airway scenario. The sequence of intubating devices and airway difficulty were randomized. The following data were measured and recorded: time to complete tracheal intubation (primary end point), overall success rate, time to visualize the vocal cords, percentage of glottic opening, dental compression, and ease of intubation. Results With a normal airway, the times (median [interquartile range]) to complete tracheal intubation were shorter with the Pentax-AWS (12.1 [10.1-14.4] sec) and the ] sec) than with the Macintosh laryngoscope (16.5 [13.1-22.1] sec) (P \ 0.03 for both). The time difference between the two videolaryngoscopes was not statistically significant. With a difficult airway scenario, the times to complete tracheal intubation were 13.9 [10.9-20.4] sec, 19.2 [16.4-32.3] sec, and 30.1 [21.0-56.5] sec, respectively (P \ 0.05 for all differences). The videolaryngoscopes were also more effective than the Macintosh laryngoscope with respect to secondary outcomes. ConclusionsThe two videolaryngoscopes were superior to the Macintosh laryngoscope in terms of performing tracheal intubation during continuous chest compressions on a mannequin. In a difficult airway scenario simulating cardiac arrest, the Pentax-AWS performed better than the GlideScope. RésuméContexte Une e´tude croise´e randomise´e a e´te´re´alise´e afin de comparer la performance de deux vide´olaryngoscopes (Pentax-AWS Ò , GlideScope Ò ) et du laryngoscope Macintosh pour l'intubation trache´ale pendant des compressions thoraciques continues sur un mannequin. Méthode Trente-deux re´sidents sans expe´rience ont re´alise´des intubations trache´ales sur un simulateur de re´animation avance´e dans des sce´narios de voies ae´riennes normales ou difficiles. Les dispositifs d'intubation et la difficulte´des voies ae´riennes ont suivi un ordre d'apparition ale´atoire. Les donne´es suivantes ont e´te´mesure´es et enregistre´es : temps jusqu'a`intubation trache´ale re´ussie (crite`re d'e´valuation principal), taux de re´ussite global, temps jusqu'a`visualisation des cordes vocales, pourcentage d'ouverture glottique, compression dentaire et facilited 'intubation. Résultats Dans les cas de voies ae´riennes normales, les temps (moyenne [e´cart interquartile]) jusqu'a`intubation trache´ale e´taient plus courts avec le Pentax-AWS (12,1...

Although the CBRN-PPE adversely affected time required to complete tracheal intubation with the AWS, suited intubations using the AWS were even superior to unsuited intubations using the McL. The AWS should be a promising device to perform tracheal intubation while wearing the CBRN-PPE.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) during pregnancy by comparing the operative and obstetric outcomes of patients who during pregnancy underwent LA performed by an expert gynaecologic laparoscopist (LA group) with those patients who underwent an open appendectomy (OA) by a general surgeon (OA group). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated all patients consecutively who had undergone appendectomy for acute appendicitis during pregnancy from January 2000 to December 2010. Twenty-eight patients underwent OA and 15 were treated by LA. We reviewed the clinical charts and analysed the data for each patient’s age, parity, body mass index, gestational age at appendectomy, type of appendectomy, operating time, haemoglobin change, hospital stay, histopathological results, postoperative analgesics, complications, and obstetric outcomes. Results: There were no significant differences between the OA and LA groups in terms of clinical characteristics, hospital stay, haemoglobin change, return of bowel activity, complication rates, gestational age at delivery, and birth weight. However, there were significantly shorter operating time and less usage of postoperative analgesics in LA group. Conclusion: LA performed by an expert gynaecologist can be a safe and effective method for treating acute appendicitis during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Key words: Laparoscopic appendectomy, Appendicitis, Pregnant women

Immediate laparoscopic nontransvesical repair for vesicovaginal fistula may be an effective and feasible alternative to traditional repair in select patients.