An instrumented pipe pile has been installed in an unstable slope to measure long-duration P–Δy lateral reaction curves. After outlining the main features of the experiment, results are given over a period of 16 years. These comprise the soil movements, the pile displacements, the bending moments and the reaction pressures. A Ménard pressuremeter method and a self-boring pressuremeter method are used to predict the P–Δy reaction curves, which are then used in a numerical model to derive the overall pile behaviour. The results are compared with measured pile displacements and bending moments and show that the pile displacements and bending moments calculated by the numerical model are markedly overestimated.

Significance Promotion of remyelination has become a new therapeutic avenue to prevent neuronal degeneration and promote recovery in white matter diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To date most of these strategies have been developed in short-lived rodent models of demyelination, which spontaneously repair. Well-defined nonhuman primate models closer to man would allow us to efficiently advance therapeutic approaches. Here we present a nonhuman primate model of optic nerve demyelination that recapitulates several features of MS lesions. The model leads to failed remyelination, associated with progressive axonal degeneration and visual dysfunction, thus providing the missing link to translate emerging preclinical therapies to the clinic for myelin disorders such as MS.

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