To demonstrate the detailed genetic characteristics of a blaNDM–1-carrying multidrug-resistant Aeromonas caviae strain, the complete genome of the A. caviae strain K433 was sequenced by Illumina HiSeq and Oxford nanopore platforms, and mobile genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance genes were analyzed by a series of bioinformatics methods. A. caviae K433 which was determined to produce class B carbapenemase, was resistant to most antibiotics tested except amikacin. The genome of K433 consisted of a chromosome cK433 (6,482-kb length) and two plasmids: pK433-qnrS (7.212-kb length) and pK433-NDM (200.855-kb length), the last being the first investigated blaNDM-carrying plasmid from Aeromonas spp. By comparison of the backbone and MDR regions from the plasmids studied, they involved a highly homologous sequence structure. This study provides in-depth genetic insights into the plasmids integrated with blaNDM-carrying genetic elements from Aeromonas spp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a notorious bacterium in clinical practice. Virulence, carbapenem‐resistance and their convergence among K. pneumoniae are extensively discussed in this article. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (HvKP) has spread from the Asian Pacific Rim to the world, inducing various invasive infections, such as pyogenic liver abscess, endophthalmitis, and meningitis. Furthermore, HvKP has acquired more and more drug resistance. Among multidrug‐resistant HvKP, hypervirulent carbapenem‐resistant K. pneumoniae (Hv‐CRKP), and carbapenem‐resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (CR‐HvKP) are both devastating for their extreme drug resistance and virulence. The hypervirulence of HvKP is primarily attributed to hypercapsule, macromolecular exopolysaccharides, or excessive siderophores, although it has many other factors, for example, lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae, and porins. In contrast with classical determination of HvKP, that is, animal lethality test, molecular determination could be an optional and practical method after improvement. HvKP, including Hv‐CRKP and CR‐HvKP, has been progressing. R‐M and CRISPR‐Cas systems may play pivotal roles in such evolutions. Hv‐CRKP and CR‐HvKP, in particular the former, should be of severe concern due to their being more and more prevalent.
This is the first report of extensively drug-resistant
C. portucalensis
harboring both
bla
KPC-2
and
bla
NDM-1
. This study will not only extend the understanding of the structural dissection of plasmids and chromosomes carried in
C. portucalensis
, but also expand knowledge of the genetic environment of the
bla
KPC-2
and
bla
NDM-1
genes.
bla
KPC-2
and
bla
NDM-1
genes have been suggested to facilitate the propagation and persistence of their host bacteria under different antimicrobial selection pressures.
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