A Control technique of electric vehicles (EVs) cooperating with ac microgrids is considered as an important role with integration of renewable energy sources (RES), i.e. wind and solar farms. As known, the intermittent power generations of these RESs can provide significant changes of the frequency in microgrids. Consequently, outputs of these generations are regarded as continuous disturbances. Previously, the ability to permit frequency stabilizing effect was usually neglected in microgrid design; thereupon, the performance of controller may be ineffective to regulate the frequency in such a microgrid. To address this problem, a new coordination of EV, wind farm (WF), and photovoltaic (PV) for microgrid frequency regulation is proposed in this article. In the control design, the proposed adaptive PI controller is developed by using practical proportional integral (PI) controllers. An effect of a small delay is also considered in input-output pairs of the adaptive PI controllers. Simulation model is developed for validating the proposed controller. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed coordinated control technique of EVs, WF, and PV power generation provides a better frequency regulation performance than a fixed PI controller under various uncertainties such as wind and solar power fluctuations, N-1 outages, disconnection of RESs, load variations, and the number of EVs.
An electric vehicle (EV) quick charger based onCHAdeMO standard with grid-support function is proposed in this paper. The current source modular converter configuration is used to perform the charging pulses with both positive and negative pulse to achieve required time for an EV which is less than 30 minutes. The use of current source converter can offer the inherit fault tolerance capability and bidirectional power flow. CHAdeMO protocol is modified for grid-support function. The 50 kW prototype is developed to validate the proposed notion. The simulation and experimental results illustrate that the proposed pulse frequency charging technique requires about 16 minutes to fully charge of the battery from 20% of SOC to 80% of SOC. The results suggest that the proposed technique can be applied for an electric vehicle quick charger station.
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