PURPOSE This paper aims to present the results of a series of several Brazilian institutions that have been carrying out lung cancer screening (LCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective, cohort study, with follow-up of individuals of both sexes, with a heavy smoking history, who participated in LCS programs between December 2013 and January 2021 in six Brazilian institutions located in the states of São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, and Bahia. RESULTS Three thousand four hundred seventy individuals were included, of which 59.8% were male (n = 2,074) and 50.6% were current smokers (n = 1,758), with 60.7 years (standard deviation 8.8 years). Lung-RADS 4 was observed in 233 (6.7%) patients. Biopsy was indicated by minimally invasive methods in 122 patients (3.5%). Two patients who demonstrated false-negative biopsies and lung cancer were diagnosed in follow-up. Diagnosis of lung cancer was observed in 74 patients (prevalence rate of 2.1%), with 52 (70.3%) in stage I or II. Granulomatous disease was found in 20 patients. There were no statistical differences in the incidence of lung cancer, biopsies, granulomatous disease, and Lung-RADS 4 nodules between public and private patients. CONCLUSION There are still many challenges and obstacles in the implementation of LCS in developing countries; however, our multi-institutional data were possible to obtain satisfactory results in these scenarios and to achieve similar results to the main international studies. Granulomatous diseases did not increase the number of lung biopsies. The authors hope that it could stimulate the creation of organized screening programs in regions still endemic for tuberculosis and other granulomatous diseases.
OBJETIVO: Relatar uma série de casos de pacientes com mediastinite descendente necrosante (MDN) tratados com cirurgia torácica minimamente invasiva. MÉTODOS: Relatamos os casos de três pacientes com MDN submetidos à desbridamento mediastinal através de cirurgia torácica videoassistida no Hospital São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), desde a sua admissão até o desfecho final. RESULTADOS: Os três pacientes apresentaram boa evolução pós-operatória, com tempo médio de internação de 16,7 dias. CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que a videotoracoscopia é uma técnica efetiva para a drenagem mediastinal no tratamento da MDN, com os benefícios da cirurgia minimamente invasiva: menos dor pós-operatória, menor liberação de fatores inflamatórios, retorno precoce às atividades diárias e melhores resultados estéticos.
Resumo O uso de simuladores na educação médica tem sido cada vez mais frequente, porém pouco acessíveis devido ao custo elevado. Foi desenvolvido para tal um modelo acessível e de baixo custo para o aprendizado e o treinamento de suturas e anastomoses vasculares em Laboratório de Bases das Técnicas Cirúrgicas. Foram utilizados balões de látex de cores variadas, fio de polipropileno 6.0 e outros materiais específicos para sutura vascular (porta-agulhas e pinças). Para facilitar o reparo dos balões, eles foram fixados em parafusos sobre placas de madeira. Foram feitas anastomoses terminoterminal, terminolateral e laterolateral e construção de patch. A perviedade da anastomose foi testada a partir da injeção de água em uma extremidade do balão e a observação da saída do conteúdo líquido na extremidade oposta. As vantagens observadas nesse modelo de treinamento para anastomoses foram a maleabilidade, a resistência à passagem do fio e o fato de ser inorgânico. Os balões de látex são uma alternativa barata, viável, não perecível e de uso prolongado no ensino e treinamento das suturas e anastomoses arteriais.
Introduction: Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare disorder described by Cantrell in 1958 and characterized by heart anomalies, involving defects of the diaphragm, abdominal wall, supraumbilical region and pericardium. Methods: We report a case of the disease that presented with agenesis of the sternum and partial absence of costal cartilage, treated by a multidisciplinary team. Results: The patient underwent median sternotomy. An enlarged heart, compromising the pulmonary trunk and the right ventricle, and a left superior vena cava were identified. The right atrium was opened and an interventricular communication of around 10 mm in diameter was seen through the tricuspid valve. Following the repair of the heart defects, chondroplasty and placement of biological mesh (Bioway of Gore) were performed. Conclusion: A Successful surgical treatment for Cantrell Syndrome includes correction of the cardiac malformation, a good repair of thoracoabdominal wall.
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