Both groups had intra-cuff pressures higher than necessary to keep ventilator cycling with no tidal volume leakage. Maneuver to keep intra-cuff pressure below 30 cmH2O was simple and cheap.

OBJETIVO: Relatar uma série de casos de pacientes com mediastinite descendente necrosante (MDN) tratados com cirurgia torácica minimamente invasiva. MÉTODOS: Relatamos os casos de três pacientes com MDN submetidos à desbridamento mediastinal através de cirurgia torácica videoassistida no Hospital São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), desde a sua admissão até o desfecho final. RESULTADOS: Os três pacientes apresentaram boa evolução pós-operatória, com tempo médio de internação de 16,7 dias. CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que a videotoracoscopia é uma técnica efetiva para a drenagem mediastinal no tratamento da MDN, com os benefícios da cirurgia minimamente invasiva: menos dor pós-operatória, menor liberação de fatores inflamatórios, retorno precoce às atividades diárias e melhores resultados estéticos.

Here, we report the case of a patient presenting CTEPH recurrence five years after the first pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and requiring reoperative thromboendarterectomy for the resolution of the symptoms. Case reportA 28-year-old female patient presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion and chest pain for two months. Se had been submitted to pulmonary thromboendarterectomy five years prior, thereafter receiving warfarin, which had been discontinued one year prior. An electro- IntroductionThromboendarterectomy has been established as the treatment of choice in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), providing, in the majority of cases, a consistent, definitive alternative for treating patients with this disease, with satisfactory shortand long-term results.(1,2) Recurrence of CTEPH after the first surgical treatment is rare, seen in 1.5% of the patients evaluated in the only case series study of such patients in the international literature. However, reoperative thromboendarterectomy in patients presenting recurrence of CTEPH has not been reported in the national literature, its safety and effectiveness therefore remaining unclear.Repeat pulmonary thromboendarterectomy after recurrence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension* AbstractPulmonary thromboendarterectomy has been established as the standard method for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, with excellent results. However, repeat pulmonary thromboendarterectomy due to recurrence of pulmonary embolism has never been reported in the Brazilian literature. Its safety and effectiveness remain obscure. We report the case of a patient presenting recurrence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension five years after the first pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and requiring a second operation for resolution of the symptoms.Keywords: Hypertension, pulmonary; Pulmonary embolism; Endarterectomy/methods. ResumoA cirurgia de tromboendarterectomia tem se estabelecido como método padrão de tratamento do tromboembolismo pulmonar crônico hipertensivo, com excelentes resultados. Entretanto, a reoperação na recidiva do embolismo pulmonar não tem relato na literatura nacional, permanecendo obscuras a sua segurança e efetividade. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com recorrência de tromboembolismo pulmonar crônico hipertensivo ocorrido cinco anos após a primeira cirurgia de tromboendarterectomia pulmonar, e que necessitou de reoperação para resolução dos sintomas.

Apresentou-se para atendimento um homem de 30 anos, branco, natural e procedente de São Paulo, com quadro de dor em hemitórax esquerdo, na região anterior e lateral, constante e de leve intensidade havia três meses, associado a dispnéia aos grandes esforços havia um mês. Durante a investigação foi visualizada em radiograma, tomografia e ressonância magnética de tórax grande tumoração em mediastino anterior e médio, com possível invasão dos vasos da base. Ele foi submetido à mediastinotomia paraesternal esquerda com biópsia da massa mediastinal, a qual complicou por sangramento intenso. Optou-se pela esternotomia mediana total e toracotomia ântero-lateral esquerda de urgência, com controle do sangramento e ressecção completa do tumor. Houve boa evolução, com alta hospitalar no nono dia pós-operatório. O exame anatomopatológico mostrou tratar-se de hemangioendotelioma de mediastino. J Bras Pneumol 2004; 30(2) 147-149A 30 year old Caucasian male from São Paulo was admitted to the hospital He had been complaining about constant, moderate pain in the anterior and lateral left hemi-thoracic region for the last three months as well as associated great effort dyspnea over the last month.Investigation with chest X-rays, CT scans and MRI revealed a large anterior and medial mediastinal tumor suggesting large vessel invasion. The patient was submitted to a left side parasternal mediastinostomy and a biopsy of the mediastinal mass which was complicated by severe bleeding. An immediate median full sternotomy was elected in addition to a left anteriorlateral thoracotomy for total tumor resection and control of the bleeding. Evolution was good, with hospital discharge on the ninth postoperative day. The anatomical-pathological essay disclosed a hemangioendothelioma of the mediastinum.Descritores: Hemangioendotelioma/diagnóstico. Neoplasias do mediastino.

Lung cancer is a type of neoplasia with one of the highest incidences worldwide and is the largest cause of mortality due to cancer in the world today. It is classified according to its histological and biological characteristics, which will determine its treatment and prognosis. Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85% of the cases, and these are the cases that surgeons mostly deal with. Small cell lung cancer accounts for the remaining 15%. Surgery is the main method for treating early stage lung cancer, and lobectomy is the preferred procedure for treating primary lung cancer, while sublobar resection is an alternative for patients with poor reserve or with very small tumors. Surgeons need to be trained to use the resources and techniques available for lung resection, including less invasive approaches such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS), and need to be familiar with new oncological approaches, including curative, adjuvant or palliative treatments for patients with lung cancer.